Nokea
Regarding coarctation of aorta
- A. Associated with Turner's syndrome
- B. Commonest is preductal type
- C. Radio femoral delay is a feature
- D. Systolic BP in lower limb is higher than in upper limb
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radio-femoral delay is a characteristic feature of coarctation of the aorta due to the obstruction in blood flow.
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Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.
A child born with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which associated cardiac manifestation?
- A. Congenital heart defect (CHD)
- B. Systemic hypertension
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CHD is found frequently in children with Down syndrome.
A 4-month-old infant with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) has dropped from the 20th percentile to the 5th for weight. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Adding solid foods to the infant's diet to increase caloric intake
- B. Fortifying breast milk to increase the number of calories per ounce
- C. Stopping breastfeeding and giving 30 kcal/ounce formula
- D. Supplementing breastfeeding with 24 kcal/ounce formula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infants with heart defects who have congestive heart failure (CHF) may need modification of formula or breast milk to increase calories. Fortifying breast milk is the first and best option.
Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
In congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis:
- A. Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia may be seen
- B. Hypokalaemia is due to vomiting
- C. Blood pH is high and urinary pH is low
- D. First-born males are commonly affected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemia in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is typically due to the loss of potassium through vomiting.