Nokea
Regarding hand innervation:
- A. Median nerve supplies all thenar muscles except adductor pollicis
- B. The sensory supply to the dorsal surface of the medial two digits is via the radial nerve
- C. In ulnar nerve damage at the elbow there is sensory loss over the medial aspect of forearm proximal to the wrist
- D. Radial nerve provides the sensory innervation to the terminal areas of the dorsal surfaces of the lateral three digits
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The median nerve innervates most thenar muscles, except for the adductor pollicis, which is supplied by the ulnar nerve.
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Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Dehydration
- C. Heart failure
- D. Hypovolemic shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload in a patient with meningitis can exacerbate cerebral edema, increasing intracranial pressure and worsening the condition.
Right to left shunts include:
- A. Fallot's tetralogy
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Eisenmenger complex
- D. Ductus arteriosus in the fetus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fallot's tetralogy is a congenital heart defect that includes a right-to-left shunt, allowing deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs.
A 1-day-old is noted to be cyanotic. Physical examination reveals a grade 2-3/6 systolic murmur and a single loud second heart sound. The chest radiograph reveals a normal-sized heart and decreased pulmonary vascular markings. The electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals left ventricular dominance. The next step in the management of this neonate is to administer
- A. sodium bicarbonate
- B. morphine
- C. prostaglandin E1
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandin E1 helps maintain ductal patency, which can improve circulation in conditions like transposition of the great arteries or other congenital heart defects causing cyanosis.
The nurse reviews the laboratory results for a child with a suspected diagnosis of rheumatic fever. The nurse knows that which laboratory study would assist in confirming the diagnosis?
- A. Immunoglobulin
- B. Red blood cell count
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Anti-streptolysin O titer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Anti-streptolysin O titer is used to confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever as it indicates a recent streptococcal infection, which is a precursor to rheumatic fever.
Respiratory pathogens in the immunosuppressed include:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Legionella
- C. Pneumocystis carinii
- D. Chlamydia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.