Nokea
Regarding iron deficiency anemia, which of the following is true?
- A. Ferritin levels are elevated
- B. Red blood cell count is usually normal
- C. Hemoglobin is usually decreased
- D. Serum iron levels are elevated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobin levels are usually decreased due to insufficient iron for red blood cell production.
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In 90% of cases of endocarditis, the causative agent is recovered from the first 2 blood cultures. Antimicrobial pretreatment of the patient reduces the yield of blood cultures to
- A. 10%
- B. 20%
- C. 30%
- D. 40%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antimicrobial pretreatment can significantly reduce the yield of blood cultures, often to 10-20%.
Phenytoin is used for treatment of
- A. supraventricular tachycardia
- B. digitalis intoxication
- C. atrial fibrillation
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin is used specifically for digitalis-induced arrhythmias.
A 2-month-old male presents with tachycardia, dyspnea, tachypnea, and a gallop rhythm with no heart murmur. He was perfectly well until 1 day prior to the episode. The physical examination reveals a heart rate of 235, a temperature of 37.8°C, and a normal blood pressure with warm, well-perfused extremities. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. sepsis
- B. supraventricular tachycardia
- C. ingestion
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supraventricular tachycardia can cause rapid heart rates and heart failure in infants.
Clinical manifestations of hypoplastic left-heart syndrome in the 1st 48 hr of life include
- A. always obvious color
- B. deep-blue skin
- C. bounding peripheral pulses
- D. occasional association with Turner syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bounding peripheral pulses are not typical in hypoplastic left-heart syndrome.
Fluids are restricted to 1,500 ml daily for a male client with acute kidney injury (AKI). He is frustrated and complaining of constant thirst, and the nurse discovers that the family is providing the client with additional fluids. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Remove all sources of liquids from the client's room
- B. Allow family to give client a measured amount of ice chips
- C. Restrict family visiting until the client's condition is stable
- D. Provide the client with oral swabs to moisten his mouth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral swabs can help alleviate thirst without increasing fluid intake, which is restricted in AKI.