Nokea
rein forcer function as a reward.
- A. Primary
- B. secondary
- C. both
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both primary (innate, e.g., food) and secondary (learned, e.g., money) reinforcers act as rewards.
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The theorist believed that a persons behavior is related to ineffective personality development in childhood.
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One of Freud's beliefs was that behaviors resulting from ineffective personality development are unconscious. Freud believed that ineffective personality development was in some way related to the relationship of the child to the parent and that it was related to what he called psychosexual development.
Patients with low levels of conviction to change behavior should be treated using which of the following approaches?
- A. Prescribing a plan of action
- B. Documenting the patient's current stage and waiting for a teachable moment
- C. Attempting to persuade the patient to change his/her behavior
- D. Reminding the patient of the long-term consequences of his/her actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing stage allows tailoring to readiness, avoiding resistance.
The sound system of language is
- A. Syntax
- B. Phonology
- C. Ecology
- D. Both B and C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phonology studies language's sound system.
Direct service involves:
- A. Evaluating the clients' circumstances and intervening to ameliorate emotional problems
- B. Providing structure and support within a restrictive environment
- C. Using intrapsychic strategies with environmental interventions
- D. Leveraging community-based resources
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Direct service targets emotional issues through assessment and intervention.
The ability to think abstractly develops during Piaget's
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The formal operational stage (11+ years) enables abstract and hypothetical thinking, per Piaget.