Nokea
Repaglinide belongs to the class
- A. Sulphonylureas
- B. Thiazolidinediones
- C. Benzoic acid derivatives
- D. Biguanides
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Repaglinide's benzoic acid kin short, sharp insulin jolts, not sulphonylureas' long haul, thiazolidinediones' sensitivity boost, or biguanides' glucose clamp. It's a mealtime spike buster, a chronic tool pharmacists slot apart from sulphonylurea's sustained push, a nuanced diabetes dance.
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Which is the most common organism infecting coral cuts?
- A. non-cholera vibrio
- B. mycobacterium marinum
- C. aeromonas species
- D. strep pyogenes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coral cuts strep pyogenes streaks in, not vibrio, mycobacterium, aeromonas, or E. coli's swim. Nurses hit this chronic skin ripper.
With regards to starting drug therapy for arterial hypertension, at which level of diastolic pressure should treatment be considered?
- A. 60 to 69 mmHg
- B. 70 to 79 mmHg
- C. 80 to 89 mmHg
- D. 90 to 95 mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arterial hypertension management follows guidelines like those from the American College of Cardiology, where drug therapy is typically considered when blood pressure exceeds certain thresholds. Diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher is a widely accepted level for initiating treatment in adults, especially if sustained or accompanied by risk factors like diabetes or organ damage, as it indicates stage 1 hypertension needing intervention to prevent cardiovascular complications. Levels below 90 mmHg (60-69, 70-79, 80-89 mmHg) may warrant lifestyle changes but not immediate drug therapy unless systolic pressure or other risks elevate the profile. The 90-95 mmHg range aligns with clinical practice to start antihypertensives, balancing benefit and risk, particularly in primary care settings where family physicians aim to reduce stroke and heart disease incidence effectively.
The following blood values are found in a patient: total cholesterol: 9.2 mmol/L (strongly elevated) and triglycerides: 1.7 mmol/L (normal). Question: Which lipid particle is most likely to cause this abnormal lipid spectrum?
- A. The chylomicron particle
- B. The IDL particle
- C. The LDL particle
- D. The VLDL particle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sky-high cholesterol, normal triglycerides LDL's the cholesterol hog, not chylomicrons, IDL, or VLDL's triglyceride tilt. Nurses peg this, a chronic heart risk spike.
Which complications are the three main consequences of leukemia?
- A. Bone deformities, spherocytosis and infection.
- B. Anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies.
- C. Lymphocytopoiesis, growth delays, and hirsutism.
- D. Polycythemia, decreased clotting time, and infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia, a bone marrow cancer, replaces normal marrow elements with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells (lymphoblasts), leading to three primary complications: anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies. Anemia results from reduced red blood cell production, causing fatigue and pallor. Infection risk rises due to neutropenia immature lymphoblasts lack infection-fighting ability making children prone to severe illnesses. Bleeding tendencies occur from thrombocytopenia, low platelet counts causing bruising or petechiae. Bone deformities and spherocytosis aren't leukemia hallmarks; the former might occur in bone cancers like osteosarcoma, and the latter is a red cell disorder. Lymphocytopoiesis is a process, not a complication, while growth delays and hirsutism aren't primary leukemia effects. Polycythemia (high red cells) and decreased clotting time oppose leukemia's anemia and bleeding risks. Nurses must monitor these complications, as they guide interventions like transfusions or antibiotics, critical for supporting children through leukemia treatment.
The role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:
- A. Support the person in managing their condition
- B. Provide direction to the person about their treatment
- C. Ensure the person takes their medications and avoids risk factors
- D. Decide on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic disease management hinges on patient empowerment, not authoritarian control. Supporting individuals in managing their condition aligns with modern nursing philosophy, fostering self-efficacy through education, emotional support, and resource provision key in texts like Deravin and Anderson (2019). Providing direction implies guidance, but it's less collaborative than support, often overstepping patient autonomy. Ensuring medication adherence and risk avoidance is paternalistic, assuming enforcement over partnership, which conflicts with patient-centered care principles. Deciding and directing care outright disregards patient input, undermining shared decision-making critical for long-term adherence in chronic illness. Support encompasses holistic care physical, psychological, and social enabling patients to navigate their condition, adapt lifestyles, and cope with challenges, reflecting the multidisciplinary team's role in enhancing quality of life rather than dictating it.