ATI Fluid and Electrolytes

ATI Fluid and Electrolytes Related

Review ATI Fluid and Electrolytes related questions and content

Retention of electrolytes (especially sodium) in the interstitial fluid can result from:

  • A. decreased aldosterone secretion.
  • B. increased ADH secretion.
  • C. increased aldosterone secretion.
  • D. decreased ADH secretion.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: increased aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to retention of sodium and water in the interstitial fluid. Increased aldosterone secretion enhances the reabsorption of sodium, thereby increasing its retention. Choice A is incorrect because decreased aldosterone secretion would lead to less sodium reabsorption and increased excretion. Choice B is incorrect because increased ADH secretion primarily affects water reabsorption rather than sodium. Choice D is incorrect because decreased ADH secretion would lead to increased water excretion but not necessarily affect sodium retention.

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When considering overhydration:

  • A. occurs less often than dehydration.
  • B. can strain the kidneys.
  • C. can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly.
  • D. less common than dehydration.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Overhydration can occur when intravenous fluids are administered too quickly, overwhelming the body's ability to excrete the excess fluid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because overhydration is less common than dehydration. Choice B is incorrect because while overhydration can strain the kidneys, it is not due to the burden being too heavy. Choice D is incorrect because dehydration is more common than overhydration.

Who would have the greatest percentage of body water?

  • A. an obese male
  • B. a nonobese male
  • C. a nonobese female
  • D. a newborn
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Newborns have a higher percentage of body water compared to adults due to their higher body fluid content. Factors such as the higher ratio of body surface area to body volume and lower body fat content contribute to this. This is why a newborn would have the greatest percentage of body water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because obesity and gender do not determine the percentage of body water in individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is a newborn.

Which condition can result from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea?

  • A. Intracellular fluid
  • B. Interstitial fluid
  • C. Dehydration
  • D. Electrolyte
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss, causing dehydration. Intracellular fluid (choice A) and interstitial fluid (choice B) refer to specific compartments of body fluid and are not conditions resulting from vomiting or diarrhea. Electrolytes (choice D) are minerals that help maintain fluid balance in the body but are not the condition directly resulting from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

Which of the following are sources of water intake?

  • A. Drinking fluids.
  • B. Consuming water from the food we eat.
  • C. Water from metabolic processes.
  • D. Drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sources of water intake include drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes. Water intake is not solely from the liquids we drink but also from the water content present in the food we consume and the water produced during metabolic processes such as cellular respiration. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it covers all the sources of water intake. Options A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the sources of water intake, making them incorrect choices.

What is the fluid that surrounds the cells called?

  • A. plasma
  • B. interstitial fluid
  • C. intracellular fluid
  • D. edema
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and fills the spaces between cells, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange. Plasma, referred to in choice A, is the liquid part of blood. Choice C, intracellular fluid, is the fluid inside cells. Choice D, edema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces, causing swelling.

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