Nokea
Reversal of sterilization procedures in males is done by which of the following procedures?
- A. Orchiopexy
- B. Vasectomy
- C. Vasovasostomy
- D. Bilateral orchiectomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasovasostomy. This procedure involves reconnecting the vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy, allowing sperm to be present in the ejaculate again. Orchiopexy (A) is the surgical fixation of a testicle in the scrotum and is not related to reversing sterilization. Vasectomy (B) is the sterilization procedure itself, not the reversal. Bilateral orchiectomy (D) is the surgical removal of both testicles and is a permanent sterilization method, not a reversal procedure. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly addresses the reversal of male sterilization.
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A professional athlete in her mid-20s has not had a menstrual cycle for 5 years, although a bone density scan revealed normal skeletal mineralization. Which of the following facts elicited during the taking of her medical history may explain these observations?
- A. She consumes a high-carbohydrate diet
- B. Her grandmother suffered a hip fracture at age 79
- C. Her blood pressure is greater than normal
- D. Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low. The absence of menstrual cycles in a young athlete with normal bone density suggests hypothalamic dysfunction affecting the menstrual cycle. This can result from low estrogen levels, which are essential for the regulation of menstrual cycles. Low estrogen levels can be caused by intense physical activity, leading to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Choice A is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate diet alone is unlikely to cause amenorrhea. Choice B is irrelevant to the absence of menstrual cycles and normal bone density in the athlete. Choice C, elevated blood pressure, is also unrelated to the situation described.
Her Hemovac has drained 60 ml postoperative day 1, 55 ml postoperative day 2, and 40 ml thus far today. She asks you when will the drain be removed. Which would be the most appropriate response?
- A. It will be removed the day you go home.'
- B. Usually the doctor waits until the drainage subsides or stops altogether.'
- C. I'm surprised the doctor didn't take it out by now.'
- D. If you ask your doctor maybe he'll take it out next time he comes in.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The drain is usually removed once the drainage subsides or stops, indicating proper healing.
A client has been advised to use a pessary to provide support to the uterus. The nurse educates the client about pessary management and the precautions related to its use. In which of the following situations should the client report to the physician?
- A. Regarding a Pap test of the client
- B. Regarding the maintenance of a pessary
- C. When a white or yellow discharge from the vagina develops
- D. Regarding a culture and sensitivity test of vagina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abnormal discharge can indicate infection or other complications requiring medical attention.
About the vascularization of the uterus we can state the following:
- A. the arteries branch off the common iliac artery;
- B. the arteries are branches off the abdominal aorta;
- C. the veins open in the inferior vena cava;
- D. the arteries are branches off the internal iliac artery;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the arteries supplying the uterus arise from the abdominal aorta. The uterine arteries branch off the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, which itself arises from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery. This vascular supply ensures that the uterus receives oxygenated blood rich in nutrients necessary for its proper function.
Choice A is incorrect because the common iliac artery does not directly supply blood to the uterus. Choice C is incorrect because the veins draining the uterus ultimately empty into the internal iliac veins, which then drain into the common iliac veins and not directly into the inferior vena cava. Choice D is incorrect because while the uterine arteries are indeed branches off the internal iliac artery, the internal iliac artery itself arises from the common iliac artery and not directly from the abdominal aorta.
What is the function of the milky-colored fluids secreted from the prostate?
- A. Enable sperm to swim
- B. Activate sperm
- C. Cleanse the urethra
- D. Neutralize urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The milky-colored fluid secreted from the prostate cleanses the urethra. This fluid helps neutralize the acidity of the urethra, providing a more suitable environment for sperm to survive. It does not enable sperm to swim or activate them, as these functions are performed by other components of semen. Additionally, it does not neutralize urine, as its primary function is to support sperm survival and motility.