Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF

Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF Related

Review Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF related questions and content

Rhea, confused and short breath, is brought to the emergency department by a family member. The medical history reveals chronic bronchitis and hypertension. To learn more about the current respiratory problem, the doctor orders a chest x-ray and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. When reviewing the ABG report, the nurses see many abbreviations. What does a lowercase  in ABG value present?

  • A. Acid-base balance
  • B. Arterial Blood
  • C. Arterial oxygen saturation
  • D. Alveoli
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arterial Blood. The lowercase "a" in ABG values denotes arterial blood, indicating that the values are specific to the blood obtained from an artery. ABG analysis provides information about the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, as well as the pH and bicarbonate levels, which are crucial in assessing respiratory and metabolic functions.

Choice A: Acid-base balance - This is incorrect because the lowercase "a" in ABG does not represent acid-base balance. Acid-base balance is determined by the pH level in the blood, which is one of the parameters measured in ABG analysis.

Choice C: Arterial oxygen saturation - This is incorrect because oxygen saturation is typically measured using pulse oximetry, not through ABG analysis. ABG values focus on the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood.

Choice D: Alveoli - This is incorrect because ABG values do not directly represent the condition of the alveoli. ABG analysis

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Although carbon dioxide is normally carried by hemoglobin, the fact that carbon monoxide reduces hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying capacity would indicate that

  • A. different hemoglobins carry different gases.
  • B. carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding sites on hemoglobin.
  • C. binding of different gases is directed by a variety of enzymes.
  • D. carbon dioxide is an abnormal gas.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding sites on hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. This is known as competitive inhibition. Other choices are incorrect because different hemoglobins do not carry different gases (A), binding of gases is not directed by enzymes in this context (C), and carbon dioxide is a normal gas in the body (D).

Regarding control of ventilation

  • A. The apneustic centre lies in the medulla
  • B. The central chemoreceptors respond to changes in oxygen concentrations
  • C. The chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies respond to a fall in arterial pH
  • D. Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to decreases in arterial pO2
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to decreases in arterial pO2. These chemoreceptors located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect changes in arterial pO2 levels, triggering an increase in ventilation to compensate for low oxygen levels. The apneustic center (A) is located in the pons, not the medulla. Central chemoreceptors (B) primarily respond to changes in arterial CO2 levels, not oxygen concentrations. The chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies (C) primarily respond to changes in arterial pCO2, not pH. Overall, choice D is correct due to the specific role of peripheral chemoreceptors in detecting decreases in arterial pO2 levels and regulating ventilation accordingly.

A person met with an accident and died instantly without any injury to heart, brain, stomach and kidney. One of the following is a reason for his death

  • A. Intestine got twisted
  • B. RBC became coagulated
  • C. Stomach stopped digestion
  • D. Diaphragm got punctured
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm got punctured. The diaphragm is a crucial muscle responsible for breathing. If it gets punctured, it can lead to immediate death due to respiratory failure. In this scenario, since there are no injuries to vital organs like the heart, brain, stomach, or kidney, the only plausible reason for instant death would be a punctured diaphragm affecting the person's ability to breathe.

A: Intestine getting twisted would not lead to instant death without affecting the heart, brain, stomach, or kidney.
B: RBC becoming coagulated would not result in immediate death without directly impacting vital organs.
C: Stomach stopping digestion is not a life-threatening condition that would cause instant death without injury to vital organs.

Total alveolar surface area is reduced in

  • A. lung cancer
  • B. atelectasis
  • C. emphysema
  • D. pneumothorax
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: emphysema. Emphysema is a condition characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to a decrease in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. This reduction in surface area impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. In contrast, lung cancer (A) primarily affects lung tissue but may not directly reduce alveolar surface area. Atelectasis (B) refers to the collapse of lung tissue, which can impact ventilation but not necessarily alveolar surface area. Pneumothorax (D) is the presence of air in the pleural space and does not directly affect alveolar surface area.

Which of the following serum lab values is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

  • A. LDL 150 mg/dL
  • B. Triglycerides 140 mg/dL
  • C. Cholesterol 190 mg/dL
  • D. HDL 100mg/dL
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: LDL 150 mg/dL. LDL cholesterol is known as "bad" cholesterol, and high levels are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. LDL can build up in the arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of blood vessels. Elevated LDL levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Summary:
B: Triglycerides 140 mg/dL - Elevated triglycerides are a risk factor for heart disease, but not as directly linked to atherosclerosis as LDL.
C: Cholesterol 190 mg/dL - Total cholesterol includes both HDL and LDL, so this value alone does not specify the risk factor for atherosclerosis.
D: HDL 100mg/dL - High levels of HDL are actually considered beneficial as it is known as "good" cholesterol and helps to remove LDL from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

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