Nokea
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Cobalamin
- C. Niacin
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
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The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to:
- A. regulate metabolic processes
- B. build body tissue
- C. supply energy
- D. provide bulk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, providing 4 kcal per gram and serving as the main fuel for cellular processes.
The vitamin that may help prevent fetal neural tube defects when consumed before pregnancy and through the early weeks of pregnancy is:
- A. vitamin B6
- B. niacin
- C. vitamin C
- D. folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Folic acid, a B vitamin, is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus when taken before and during early pregnancy.
Which foods are commonly fortified with vitamin D?
- A. Flour
- B. Cereal
- C. Milk
- D. Tuna
- E. Margarine
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Cereals, milk, and margarine are commonly fortified with vitamin D to help prevent deficiencies, especially in populations with limited sun exposure.
Which are recommendations for dietary changes during pregnancy?
- A. Double the amount of iron that was consumed prepregnancy
- B. Double the calorie intake since the woman is 'eating for two' now
- C. Increase folic acid to prevent nervous system birth defects
- D. Increase calories by 300 per day during pregnancy
- E. Limit sugar and use any artificial sweeteners to prevent unnecessary weight gain
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: During pregnancy, iron needs increase to support blood volume expansion, folic acid is critical to prevent neural tube defects, and an additional 300 calories per day is recommended. Doubling calorie intake is excessive, and artificial sweeteners should be used cautiously.
The primary function of protein in the body is to:
- A. supply energy
- B. regulate metabolic processes
- C. control muscle contractions
- D. build tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, such as muscles, organs, and skin, and are critical for growth and maintenance.