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Rob has a history of using ecstasy. He is exhibiting symptoms of hypotension, nausea, diarrhea, personality change, diminished level of consciousness, and decreased deep tendon reflexes. Laboratory results confirm the physician’s suspicion of hyponatremia. Treatment would include:
- A. Water restriction.
- B. 0.33% sodium chloride intravenously.
- C. Use of salt substitute.
- D. Calcium carbonate orally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Water restriction (A). Hyponatremia is often caused by excess water retention relative to sodium levels. Restricting water intake helps restore the balance of sodium and water in the body.
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Describe the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder.
- A. Increased alertness
- B. Lower immune response
- C. Faster metabolism
- D. Enhanced digestion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.
Exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by decreasing
- A. The number of small blood vessels throughout the body
- B. The heart rate and blood pressure
- C. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood
- D. The body’s breathing capacity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure. When we exercise, our heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to a lower resting heart rate and reduced blood pressure. This helps improve circulation and strengthens the cardiovascular system.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The number of small blood vessels throughout the body - Exercise actually promotes the growth of new blood vessels, improving circulation.
C: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood - Exercise can increase HDL levels, which is beneficial for heart health.
D: The body’s breathing capacity - Exercise can improve lung function and increase breathing capacity, but it is not directly related to circulation or cardiovascular fitness.
Which short-acting barbiturates are most commonly used for induction of general anesthesia (select all that apply)?
- A. Nitrous oxide
- B. Propofol (Diprivan)
- C. Isoflurane (Florane)
- D. Thiopental sodium (Pentothal), Sodium methohexital (Brevital)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Short-acting barbiturates like thiopental sodium and sodium methohexital are commonly used for anesthesia induction.
Mary presents difficulty breathing, fatigue, orthopnea, and palpitation, and is diagnosed as having aortic insufficiency. After undergoing aortic valve repair, what medication would you expect her physician to prescribe?
- A. Ativan.
- B. Haldol.
- C. Heparin.
- D. Thorazine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anticoagulation is often required post-valve repair to prevent clot formation.
A client with asthma is taking fluticasone. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Polyuria
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oral candidiasis. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid inhaler that can cause oral candidiasis as a common adverse effect due to its immunosuppressive properties. The step-by-step rationale is: 1. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid. 2. Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system. 3. Immunosuppression can lead to oral candidiasis. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypoglycemia is not a common adverse effect of fluticasone. B: Hypertension is not typically associated with fluticasone use. C: Polyuria is not a common side effect of fluticasone.