Nokea
Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase are enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown of
- A. starch
- B. maltose
- C. glucose
- D. lactose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase enzymes break down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose during digestion.
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The pH in the mouth decreases after eating. Which statement explains the decrease in pH?
- A. Bacteria release acids when respiring food substances.
- B. Enzymes in saliva release acids during digestion.
- C. Food substances become alkaline when chewed.
- D. Salivary glands release an alkaline solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial metabolism of food releases acids, lowering the pH in the mouth.
The contraction and expansion of the walls of food pipe is called movement.
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Gastric
- C. Oscillatory
- D. Diastolic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peristalsis is a type of wave-like movement occurring in the alimentary canal which involves contraction and relaxation of the muscles. It begins in the esophagus and helps to move the food along the alimentary canal for the process of digestion.
Which of the following statements best describes the migrating motor complex (MMC)?
- A. It is responsible for the peristaltic movement of food along the entire gastrointestinal tract
- B. It is a cyclic pattern of motility that primarily occurs during the postprandial (after-meal) period
- C. It involves segmental contractions that aid in the mixing and breakdown of food particles
- D. It occurs during fasting and clears residual contents from the stomach and small intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The MMC is a fasting-state motility pattern that clears residual contents, regulated by motilin, not active postprandially.
Choose the answer which lists the correct order of the digestion process.
- A. A, C, D, B
- B. C, D, A, B
- C. C, A, D, B
- D. D, C, A, B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order is: Food is ingested (C), digested (D), nutrients absorbed (A), and undigested food eliminated (B).
What is the name of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
- A. Trachea
- B. Oesophagus
- C. Duodenum
- D. Food tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophagus is the muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. The trachea is for air, the duodenum is part of the small intestine, and 'food tube' is not a scientific term.