Nokea
Scopolamine can be used to prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. The patient is taught to:
- A. Apply the transdermal disk at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is desired.
- B. Swallow the tablet 1 hour before traveling where motion sickness is possible.
- C. Place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve.
- D. Change the transdermal disk daily for maximal effect.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Scopolamine patches require 4 hours for onset, making preemptive application key.
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Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
- D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
The nurse transcribes an order to administer Valium 10 mg IV stat. This order is correctly interpreted by the nurse to mean it should be provided how? (Select all that apply.)
- A. As needed
- B. Immediately
- C. One time only
- D. Intravenously
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The stat order is generally used on an emergency basis. It means that the drug is to be administered as soon as possible, but only once. IV indicates the route is intravenous. A PRN order means administer if needed. The order would specify divided doses and amount per dose if indicated.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug. Which information about the drug would be most important for the nurse to know?
- A. Normal dosage range
- B. Special precautions in administration
- C. Drug's most common adverse effects
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must have factual knowledge of each drug given, the reason for use of the drug, the drug's general action, the more common adverse reactions associated with the drug, special precautions in administration (if any), and the normal dose ranges.
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a phase? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Absorption
- B. Distribution
- C. Administration
- D. Metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pharmacokinetic phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The acronym ADME is a helpful way to remember the pharmacokinetic phases.
John has clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic blocker, prescribed for his hypertension. He should:
- A. Not miss a dose or stop taking the drug because of potential rebound hypertension
- B. Increase fiber in the diet to treat any diarrhea that may occur
- C. Reduce fluid intake to less than 2 liters per day to prevent fluid retention
- D. Avoid sitting for long periods, as this can lead to deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clonidine withdrawal can cause rebound hypertension, making adherence critical.