Nokea
Select all that apply. Which of the following are true about protein digestion?
- A. the end products of protein digestion are amino acids
- B. protein/polypeptides are digested in the large intestine by trypsin
- C. A, D
- D. protein/polypeptides are digested in the stomach by pepsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Begins carb digestion in the mouth:
- A. pepsin
- B. salivary amylase
- C. CCK
- D. secretin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?
- A. Registered Nurse
- B. Physician
- C. Registered Dietetic Technician
- D. Occupational Therapist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.
Which of the following nutrients provide energy?(Select ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Fats
- C. Protein
- D. Water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the three macronutrients that provide energy (calories) to the body. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, fats act as a secondary source when carbohydrate energy is exhausted, and proteins are used for energy when carbohydrate and fat sources are low. Choice D, Water, is essential for the body's functions, but it does not provide energy.
Which risk factors increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
- A. Exercise
- B. Excessive sun exposure
- C. Insufficient vaccinations
- D. Smoking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. It significantly contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries and thereby increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, exercise is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health and is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Excessive sun exposure and insufficient vaccinations have no established links to atherosclerosis, making them incorrect options for this question.
Why are blood glucose levels high in type 1 diabetes?
- A. The urinary excretion of glucose is impaired
- B. The lean body mass is metabolized to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis
- C. The absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract is more efficient
- D. There is insufficient insulin to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This leads to an insufficient amount of insulin, which is required to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells. Consequently, blood glucose levels remain high. The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because urinary excretion of glucose does not directly contribute to blood glucose levels. Option B is incorrect because, while gluconeogenesis does produce glucose, it is not the cause of high glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Option C is incorrect because absorption efficiency of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract does not affect the amount of insulin available to transport glucose into cells.