Nokea
Select all the correct options that represent the pathophysiology of an asthma attack.
- A. The smooth muscle surrounding the alveoli constricts, limiting oxygenation.
- B. The mucosa lining experiences severe inflammation.
- C. The goblet cells within the mucosa lining produce excessive amounts of mucous.
- D. Too much carbon dioxide is exhaled due to hyperventilation and the patient experiences respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Asthma involves inflammation of the airway mucosa and excessive mucus production by goblet cells. Smooth muscle constriction occurs in bronchioles, not alveoli, and hyperventilation typically leads to respiratory acidosis due to CO2 retention.
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As the nurse you know that one of the reasons for an increase in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis is:
- A. Incorrect medication ordered
- B. Increase in tuberculosis cases nationwide
- C. Incorrect route of drug ordered
- D. Noncompliance due to duration of medication treatment needed
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Noncompliance with TB treatment, often due to the long duration (6-9 months or more), is a major cause of multi-drug-resistant TB, as incomplete treatment allows bacteria to develop resistance.
The nurse is preparing to administer medications to the following clients. Which medication should the nurse question administering?
- A. The oral coagulant warfarin (Coumadin) to the client with an INR of 1.9.
- B. Multiple Choice insulin to a client with a blood glucose level of 218 mg/dL.
- C. Hang the heparin bag on a client with a PT/PTT of 12.9/98.
- D. A calcium channel blocker to the client with a BP of 112/82.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PTT 98 (C) is supratherapeutic for heparin, risking bleeding, so question administration. INR 1.9 (A) is subtherapeutic, insulin (B) is appropriate, and CCB (D) is reasonable.
The nursing staff on an oncology unit is interviewing applicants for the unit manager position. Which type of organizational structure does this represent?
- A. Centralized decision making.
- B. Decentralized decision making.
- C. Shared governance.
- D. Pyramid with filtered-down decisions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staff interviewing for a manager (C) reflects shared governance, empowering nurses in decisions. Centralized (A), decentralized (B), and pyramid (D) involve top-down structures.
Which statement indicates the client with a total laryngectomy requires more teaching concerning the care of the tracheostomy?
- A. I must avoid hair spray and powders.
- B. I should take a shower instead of a tub bath.
- C. I will need to cleanse around the stoma daily.
- D. I can use an electric larynx to speak.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using an electric larynx (D) is related to speech, not tracheostomy care, indicating a misunderstanding of tracheostomy management. Avoiding hair spray/powders (A), showering (B), and daily stoma cleaning (C) are correct tracheostomy care practices.
After the bronchoscopy, what should the nurse closely monitor?
- A. The client's level of consciousness
- B. The client's oral status
- C. The client's respiratory effort
- D. The client's ability to speak
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring respiratory effort is critical post-bronchoscopy to detect complications like airway obstruction or pneumothorax.