Nokea
Select the drug of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor:
- A. Filgrastim
- B. Methotrexate
- C. Erythropoetin
- D. Doxorubicin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Filgrastim, as it is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of neutrophils. Filgrastim is commonly prescribed to increase white blood cell count in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methotrexate (B) is a chemotherapy drug that does not stimulate granulocyte production. Erythropoietin (C) stimulates red blood cell production, not granulocytes. Doxorubicin (D) is an anthracycline antibiotic used in cancer treatment but does not stimulate granulocyte colony formation. Thus, the correct drug for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is Filgrastim.
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Which of the following drugs is used for dermatomycosis treatment:
- A. Nystatin
- B. Griseofulvin
- C. Amphotericin B
- D. Vancomycin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is used for dermatomycosis treatment because it is an antifungal medication specifically effective against dermatophytes. It works by disrupting the formation of fungal cell walls, leading to their destruction. Nystatin (A) is primarily used for yeast infections, not dermatomycosis. Amphotericin B (C) is a broad-spectrum antifungal, but it is not commonly used for dermatomycosis due to its potential side effects. Vancomycin (D) is an antibiotic effective against bacteria, not fungi. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for dermatomycosis treatment is Griseofulvin.
Sedation,peripheral atropine-like toxicity (e.g. Cycloplegia tachycardia urinary retention and constipation) orthostatic hypotension arrhythmias weight gain and sexual disturbances are possible adverse effects of:
- A. Sertaline
- B. Amitriptyline
- C. Phenelsine
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity such as cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. It can also cause orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances.
Explanation:
1. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that exerts anticholinergic effects, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity.
2. Anticholinergic effects can cause cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation.
3. Additionally, amitriptyline can lead to orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances.
Summary of other choices:
A: Sertaline - Known for causing fewer anticholinergic side effects compared to tricy
Which of the following cholinesterase inhibitors is irreversible?
- A. Physostigmine
- B. Edrophonium
- C. Neostigmine
- D. Isoflurophate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Isoflurophate. It is irreversible due to its covalent binding to the cholinesterase enzyme, leading to prolonged inhibition. Physostigmine, Edrophonium, and Neostigmine are reversible cholinesterase inhibitors that bind non-covalently and have shorter durations of action.
When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?
- A. Oatmeal
- B. Grapefruit juice
- C. Licorice
- D. Dairy products
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can interact with antilipemic drugs by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, leading to increased drug levels in the body and potential toxicity. Oatmeal (A) is a healthy food choice and does not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs. Licorice (C) can interact with medications such as corticosteroids but not specifically antilipemic drugs. Dairy products (D) can interfere with the absorption of some medications but do not have a significant interaction with antilipemic drugs.
All are true EXCEPT: Amiodarone:
- A. Is highly lipid soluble
- B. Has an apparent volume of distribution of approximately 5000 L
- C. Is predominantly eliminated by the kidney
- D. Accumulates in the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amiodarone is lipid-soluble (A), has a large Vd (B), and accumulates in tissues like the heart (D); it is metabolized by the liver (C) with a long half-life (E, typically 20-60 days, but 3 weeks is close).