Nokea
Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of a stimulus are called
- A. illusions
- B. hallucinations
- C. delusions
- D. affect episodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hallucinations are perceptions without stimuli, distinct from illusions (misinterpretations).
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A patient has schizophrenia and is troubled by negative symptoms, muscle stiffness, and motor restlessness. His Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is considering changing the patient's antipsychotic medication, haloperidol (Haldol, a typical or first generation antipsychotic drug). For planning purposes, which medication can the nurse assume that the APN will probably choose?
- A. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- B. Clozapine (Clozaril)
- C. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- D. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Olanzapine (Zyprexa). Olanzapine is an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic that is effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also has a lower risk of causing extrapyramidal symptoms like muscle stiffness and motor restlessness compared to typical antipsychotics like haloperidol. Chlorpromazine (A) is a typical antipsychotic with similar side effects as haloperidol. Clozapine (B) is an atypical antipsychotic that is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but is usually considered as a last resort due to its potential for serious side effects. Fluoxetine (D) is an antidepressant and not typically used as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia.
What is the most appropriate goal for a nurse caring for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. The patient will gain weight rapidly to achieve a normal weight.
- B. The patient will stabilize their weight and maintain adequate nutrition.
- C. The patient will achieve full recovery without needing additional support.
- D. The patient will accept their body image as normal and healthy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate goal for a nurse caring for a patient with anorexia nervosa is for the patient to stabilize their weight and maintain adequate nutrition (Choice B). This goal is crucial because rapid weight gain can have negative physical and psychological consequences for the patient. Stabilizing weight helps prevent complications like refeeding syndrome and supports the patient's overall health. It also addresses the immediate nutritional needs of the patient. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because rapid weight gain can be harmful, full recovery often requires ongoing support, and body image acceptance may not be the most pressing concern for someone with anorexia nervosa.
A patient in the long-term phase of the rape-trauma syndrome had intrusive thoughts of the attack and developed fears of being alone. Which finding best demonstrates the patient has improved? The patient!
- A. Uses increased activity to reduce fear.
- B. Plans coping strategies for fearful situations.
- C. Temporarily withdraws from social situations.
- D. Expresses willingness to engage in sexual activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because planning coping strategies for fearful situations indicates the patient is actively working on managing their fears and trauma, showing progress and improvement. Choice A is incorrect as increased activity may be a maladaptive coping mechanism. Choice C suggests social withdrawal, which is a sign of regression. Choice D may indicate premature attempts to engage in sexual activity without addressing the underlying trauma. Overall, choice B demonstrates proactive steps towards healing and recovery.
A common nursing diagnosis for a patient with antisocial personality disorder is:
- A. chronic low self-esteem, related to poor self-image and excessive fear of failure
- B. disturbed thought processes, related to sensory-perceptual alterations
- C. impaired social interaction, related to manipulative behaviors
- D. social isolation, related to anxiety in social situations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Impaired social interaction due to manipulation reflects the interpersonal challenges of antisocial personality disorder.
In addition to antidepressants, which of the following is usual treatment for postpartum depression?
- A. Antipsychotics
- B. Psychotherapy
- C. Hormone replacement
- D. Temporary removal of the baby from the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychotherapy (B) along with antidepressants are the major treatments for postpartum depression. Patients usually are not psychotic (A), hormone replacement (C) is not indicated, and mother and baby should be kept together with support (D).