Nokea
Seven girls were victims of food poisoning after eating the sandwiches served at snack time. Which of the following statement are true regarding food poisoning?
- A. Symptoms include salivation, cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
- B. Foods that are handled and allowed to remain without refrigeration before eaten are most dangerous
- C. Cooking will destroy the organism and stop production of enterotoxin
- D. All are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Symptoms of food poisoning typically include salivation, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, so statement A is correct.
Step 2: Food left unrefrigerated can lead to bacterial growth, making it more dangerous, so statement B is accurate.
Step 3: Cooking can kill harmful organisms and stop the production of toxins, supporting statement C.
Step 4: All three statements are true and collectively provide a comprehensive understanding of food poisoning, making option D the correct answer.
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A client receiving chemotherapy has a nursing diagnosis of Deficient diversional activity related to decreased energy. Which statement indicates an accurate understanding of appropriate ways to deal with this deficit?
- A. “I’ll play card games with my friends.”
- B. “I’ll bowl with my team after discharge.”
- C. “I’ll take a long trip to visit my aunt.”
- D. “I’ll eat lunch in a restaurant everyday.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because playing card games with friends is a low-energy activity suitable for someone with decreased energy due to chemotherapy. This option promotes social interaction and mental stimulation, addressing the deficient diversional activity.
B, bowling with a team, involves physical activity and may be too strenuous for someone with decreased energy. C, taking a long trip, requires significant energy and may not be feasible. D, eating lunch in a restaurant, does not address the need for diversional activity and is not specific to the client's energy limitations.
Which patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter that is used intermittently rather than continuously?
- A. The patient with pneumonia who needs fluids and antibiotics.
- B. The patient who has had major blood loss after a motor vehicle accident.
- C. The young child who is dehydrated.
- D. The elderly patient who is receiving a diuretic for fluid overload.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the elderly patient receiving a diuretic for fluid overload. This patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter used intermittently because diuretics can lead to fluctuations in fluid balance that require careful monitoring and adjustment of IV fluids. By using the catheter intermittently, healthcare providers can better control the amount of fluid administered to prevent electrolyte imbalances.
Option A is incorrect because a patient with pneumonia requiring fluids and antibiotics would likely benefit from a continuous IV to maintain stable levels of medications and hydration. Option B is incorrect as a patient with major blood loss would require continuous IV fluids to restore blood volume. Option C is incorrect as a dehydrated young child would also benefit from continuous IV fluids to rehydrate effectively.
While bathing the client, the nurse observes the client grimacing. The nurse asks if the client is experiencing pain. The client nods yes and refuses to continue the bath. The nurse removes the wash basin, makes the client comfortable, and documents the event in the client’s chart. Which of the following actions clearly demonstrates assessing?
- A. The nurse bathing the client
- B. The nurse documenting the incident
- C. The nurse asking if the client is having pain
- D. The nurse removing the wash basin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because asking the client if they are experiencing pain is a direct action of assessment. This step involves gathering information directly from the client to understand their condition and needs. By asking the client about pain, the nurse is actively assessing the client's well-being.
A: The nurse bathing the client is not an action of assessment but rather a task related to providing care.
B: The nurse documenting the incident is important for recording the event but does not directly involve assessing the client's condition.
D: The nurse removing the wash basin is a task related to the physical care process and does not involve direct assessment of the client's well-being.
The nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypoparathyroidism about the regimen used to treat this disorder. The nurse should state that the physician probably will prescribe daily supplements of calcium and:
- A. Folic acid
- B. Potassium
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium levels. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines, thus aiding in maintaining normal calcium levels. It is often prescribed along with calcium supplements to support bone health and prevent complications. Folic acid (A) is not directly related to the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Potassium (B) is not typically prescribed for this condition and can be harmful in high levels. Iron (D) is not directly involved in calcium metabolism and is not part of the standard treatment regimen for hypoparathyroidism.
The nurse provides care for a client with deep partial-thickness burns. What could cause a reduced hematocrit (Hct) in this client?
- A. Hypoalbuminemia with hemoconcentration
- B. Volume overload with hemodilution
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Lack of erythropoeitin factor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Volume overload with hemodilution. In deep partial-thickness burns, there can be fluid shifts leading to volume overload. This excess fluid in the intravascular space can dilute the blood, resulting in a decreased hematocrit (Hct). Reduced Hct indicates lower concentration of red blood cells in the blood. Other choices are incorrect because hypoalbuminemia would lead to hemoconcentration, metabolic acidosis would not directly cause a reduced Hct, and lack of erythropoietin factor would primarily affect erythropoiesis but not directly lead to decreased Hct.