Nokea
Seven girls were victims of food poisoning after eating the sandwiches served at snack time. Which of the following statement are true regarding food poisoning?
- A. Symptoms include salivation, cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
- B. Foods that are handled and allowed to remain without refrigeration before eaten are most dangerous
- C. Cooking will destroy the organism and stop production of enterotoxin
- D. All are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Symptoms of food poisoning typically include salivation, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, so statement A is correct.
Step 2: Food left unrefrigerated can lead to bacterial growth, making it more dangerous, so statement B is accurate.
Step 3: Cooking can kill harmful organisms and stop the production of toxins, supporting statement C.
Step 4: All three statements are true and collectively provide a comprehensive understanding of food poisoning, making option D the correct answer.
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Which of the following statements about fluid replacement is accurate for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?
- A. Administer 2 to 3L of IV fluid rapidly
- B. Administer 6L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours
- C. Administer a dextrose solution containing normal saline solution
- D. Administer IV fluid slowly to prevent circulatory overload and collapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in HHNS, the primary goal is to gradually correct dehydration without causing fluid overload. Administering IV fluid slowly helps prevent circulatory overload and collapse. Choice A is incorrect as rapid administration can lead to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as 6L over 24 hours is excessive and can cause fluid overload. Choice C is incorrect as dextrose solution with normal saline is not the ideal fluid replacement for this condition.
The clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (bradykinesia rigidity and tremors) is directly related to a decreased level of:
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Dopamine
- D. Phenylalanine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, leading to the characteristic symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement control. Acetylcholine (Choice A) is not directly related to Parkinson's disease, although its imbalance can contribute to other movement disorders. Serotonin (Choice B) and Phenylalanine (Choice D) are not primarily involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
- A. Self-care deficient: Bathing/hygiene
- B. Dysfunctional grieving
- C. Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion
- D. Risk for injury
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion. In the late stage of AIDS, the client is at risk for neurological complications, including AIDS-related dementia due to decreased blood flow to the brain. This nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority as it directly addresses the client's impaired brain perfusion, which can lead to serious cognitive and functional deficits. Prioritizing this diagnosis ensures timely interventions to optimize cerebral blood flow and prevent further deterioration.
Summary:
A: Self-care deficient: Bathing/hygiene - important but not the highest priority compared to addressing neurological complications.
B: Dysfunctional grieving - while emotional support is essential, it is not the priority when dealing with a life-threatening physiological issue.
D: Risk for injury - while important, it is secondary to addressing the underlying cause of the dementia in this scenario.
Which of the ff should the nurse identify as the earliest symptom of heart failure in many older clients?
- A. Increased urine output
- B. Dyspnea on exertion
- C. Swollen joints
- D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dyspnea on exertion. In older clients, dyspnea on exertion is often the earliest symptom of heart failure due to decreased cardiac reserve. This occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands during physical activity. Increased urine output (A) is not typically an early symptom of heart failure. Swollen joints (C) are more indicative of arthritis or inflammation, not necessarily heart failure. Nausea and vomiting (D) are not typical early symptoms of heart failure and are more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues.
A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, the nurse should assign highest priority to:
- A. Helping the client cope with body image
- B. Maintaining a patent airway.
- C. Preventing injury.
- D. Ensuring adequate nutrition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining a patent airway. This is the highest priority because the client with esophageal cancer is at risk for airway obstruction due to difficulty swallowing. Maintaining a patent airway ensures adequate oxygenation and ventilation, which are vital for the client's survival. Without a clear airway, the client may experience respiratory distress or failure. Body image, preventing injury, and ensuring adequate nutrition are important aspects of care but do not take precedence over maintaining a patent airway in this situation.