Nokea
Signs of digoxin toxicity include of the following (Select all that apply):
- A. Vomiting
- B. Poor feeding
- C. Constipation
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The correct signs of digoxin toxicity are vomiting, poor feeding, and bradycardia. Vomiting is a common early sign due to the drug's effect on the gastrointestinal system. Poor feeding can occur as a result of nausea and anorexia. Bradycardia is a classic sign of digoxin toxicity due to its effect on cardiac function. Constipation is not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. In summary, A, B, and D are correct as they align with the expected symptoms of digoxin toxicity, whereas C is incorrect as constipation is not a common sign.
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When caring for a newborn with Down syndrome, what should the nurse be aware is the most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome?
- A. Diabetes insipidus
- B. Pyloric stenosis
- C. Congenital heart disease
- D. Congenital hip dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Congenital heart disease. Down syndrome is commonly associated with congenital heart defects, such as atrioventricular septal defects or ventricular septal defects. This is important for the nurse to be aware of because these heart anomalies can impact the newborn's health and require monitoring or intervention.
Choice A: Diabetes insipidus is not a common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome.
Choice B: Pyloric stenosis is not typically associated with Down syndrome.
Choice D: Congenital hip dysplasia is not a common anomaly seen with Down syndrome.
In summary, the nurse should prioritize monitoring for congenital heart disease in a newborn with Down syndrome due to its high prevalence and potential impact on the baby's health.
Ringworm, frequently found in school children, is caused by which of the following?
- A. Virus
- B. Fungus
- C. Allergic reaction
- D. Bacterial infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ringworm is caused by a fungus, specifically dermatophytes that infect the skin, hair, or nails. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, making schools a common place for transmission. Viruses, allergic reactions, and bacterial infections do not cause ringworm. Ringworm is a fungal infection, not a result of an allergic reaction or bacterial infection.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is 2 hr postoperative following a cardiac catheterization. The nurse observes blood on the child's dressing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Apply intermittent pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) below the percutaneous skin site.
- B. Apply continuous pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) above the percutaneous skin site.
- C. Apply continuous pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) below the percutaneous skin site.
- D. Apply intermittent pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) above the percutaneous skin site.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying continuous pressure 2.5 cm below the percutaneous skin site will help control bleeding by promoting clot formation at the catheter insertion site. This pressure point is closer to the source of bleeding, ensuring better hemostasis and preventing further complications.
Summary:
A: Applying intermittent pressure below the site is incorrect as continuous pressure is more effective in achieving hemostasis.
B: Applying continuous pressure above the site is incorrect as it does not target the bleeding source directly.
D: Applying intermittent pressure above the site is incorrect as continuous pressure is preferred for controlling bleeding.
E, F, G: No information provided.
A child admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes that there are burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect that the child has a(n):
- A. Chemical burn
- B. Inhalation injury
- C. Electrical burn
- D. Hot-water scald
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhalation injury. The presence of burns on the lips and singed nasal hairs indicate that the child has likely inhaled hot gases or smoke, which can cause damage to the respiratory tract. This is a common finding in cases of inhalation injury resulting from exposure to fire or smoke. Inhalation injury can lead to airway compromise, respiratory distress, and other serious complications. The other choices (A: Chemical burn, C: Electrical burn, D: Hot-water scald) do not specifically indicate damage to the respiratory tract, making them less likely in this scenario.
The expected finding of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) include:
- A. Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- B. Low urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- C. Increased urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- D. Increased urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone. In SIADH, there is an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in low urine output as the body retains water. Increased levels of ADH cause the kidneys to reabsorb more water, further contributing to low urine output. The other choices are incorrect because in SIADH, urine output is typically low, and ADH levels are elevated due to the dysregulation of the feedback mechanism that controls ADH release. Increased urine output and decreased levels of ADH (choice C) would be more indicative of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by decreased ADH production or kidney insensitivity to ADH.