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Signs of obstructed labor per vaginally include
- A. Dry vagina, Oedema of the cervix, Caput succedaneum
- B. Plenty amniotic fluid, Hot/dry vagina, meconium stained liquor
- C. Meconium stained liquor, Hot/dry vagina, Diluted urine
- D. Caput succedaneum, Oedema of the cervix, plenty amniotic fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because signs of obstructed labor include a dry vagina due to prolonged pressure, oedema of the cervix due to prolonged contractions, and caput succedaneum which is swelling of the baby's scalp from prolonged pressure.
Choice B is incorrect because plenty of amniotic fluid is not a sign of obstructed labor. A hot/dry vagina is not a typical sign of obstructed labor. Meconium-stained liquor can be a sign of fetal distress, but not specifically obstructed labor.
Choice C is incorrect because meconium-stained liquor is a sign of fetal distress, not necessarily obstructed labor. A hot/dry vagina is not a typical sign of obstructed labor. Diluted urine is not a typical sign of obstructed labor.
Choice D is incorrect because while caput succedaneum is a sign of obstructed labor, oedema of the cervix is more indicative of obstructed labor than plenty of amni
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The MAIN aim of encouraging plenty of fluids to a postnatal client with urinary tract trauma is to
- A. Control growth of organisms
- B. Keep client well hydrated
- C. Maintain proper fluid balance
- D. Facilitate proper healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Postnatal clients with urinary tract trauma are at risk of dehydration due to increased fluid loss.
Step 2: Encouraging plenty of fluids helps maintain hydration levels.
Step 3: Proper hydration supports kidney function and aids in flushing out bacteria, reducing infection risk.
Step 4: Adequate hydration also promotes tissue healing and prevents complications.
Step 5: Therefore, the main aim of encouraging plenty of fluids is to keep the client well hydrated.
The type of heat loss that is prevented by keeping the NBU temperature warm & warm wrapping of the neonates is
- A. Convection
- B. Conduction
- C. Evaporation
- D. Radiation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Conduction. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact. By keeping the neonatal unit warm and wrapping neonates in warm blankets, heat loss through direct contact with surfaces is minimized. Convection involves heat transfer through air or fluid movement, not relevant in this scenario. Evaporation is the process of heat loss through moisture evaporation from the skin, not applicable here. Radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, which can be prevented by warm wrapping but not the primary focus in this context.
A fetal associated risk of prolonged pregnancy includes
- A. Fetal macrosomia
- B. Placental dysfunction
- C. Cesarean section
- D. Shoulder dystocia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fetal macrosomia. Prolonged pregnancy increases the risk of fetal macrosomia due to continued fetal growth beyond the normal term. This can lead to complications during delivery, such as shoulder dystocia and birth injuries. Placental dysfunction and cesarean section are possible outcomes of prolonged pregnancy but are not directly associated with fetal risks in this context. Shoulder dystocia is a potential complication of fetal macrosomia but is not a direct fetal risk of prolonged pregnancy.
The AGACNP is evaluating a patient who reportedly fell down a flight of steps. Her history is significant for several emergency room visits, but she denies any significant medical conditions. Some documentation in her chart indicates that she may have been subjected to physical abuse. Today she presents with a periorbital ecchymosis of the left eye and swelling in the left side of the face. Her neurologic examination is within normal limits. Which head imaging study would be most useful in assessing for findings consistent with a history of abuse?
- A. Radiographs
- B. CT scan without contrast
- C. MRI
- D. PET scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Radiographs. Radiographs, specifically skull X-rays, are most useful in assessing for findings consistent with a history of abuse in this case. Radiographs can detect fractures, such as skull fractures or facial bone fractures, which are common in cases of physical abuse. These fractures may not always be clinically evident but can be identified on X-rays.
Explanation of other choices:
B: CT scan without contrast - While a CT scan can provide detailed imaging of the head, it may not be necessary in this case as the patient's neurologic examination is within normal limits. Also, radiographs are more cost-effective and can detect fractures effectively.
C: MRI - MRI is not typically used as the first-line imaging modality for suspected head trauma due to its cost and time-consuming nature. Radiographs are more appropriate for initial evaluation.
D: PET scan - PET scans are used to detect metabolic activity in tissues and are not typically indicated for assessing acute traumatic injuries like fractures associated with
Mrs. Coates is a 65-year-old female who is on postoperative day 1 following a duodenal resection for a bleeding ulcer. She had an uneventful immediate postoperative course, but throughout the course of day 1 she has complained of a mild abdominal discomfort that has progressed throughout the day. This evening the AGACNP is called to the bedside to evaluate the patient for persistent and progressive discomfort. Likely causes of her symptoms include all of the following except
- A. Colic due to return of peristalsis
- B. Leakage from the duodenal stump
- C. Gastric retention
- D. Hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gastric retention. Mrs. Coates' symptoms of persistent and progressive discomfort are not likely due to gastric retention because she underwent a duodenal resection for a bleeding ulcer, which would bypass the stomach. Therefore, gastric retention is not a possible cause.
A: Colic due to return of peristalsis is a possible cause as peristalsis returning after surgery can cause discomfort.
B: Leakage from the duodenal stump is a possible cause as it can lead to abdominal discomfort postoperatively.
D: Hemorrhage is a possible cause given her history of bleeding ulcer and surgery.