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Since the emergence of HIV/AIDS, there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends. Members of what group currently have the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
- A. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
- B. Recreational drug users
- C. Blood transfusion recipients
- D. Health care providers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. This group currently has the highest risk of contracting HIV due to various factors such as higher prevalence within this population, risky sexual behaviors, and limited access to healthcare services. Men who have sex with men have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Recreational drug users and blood transfusion recipients have lower overall risk compared to men who have sex with men. Health care providers, although at risk of occupational exposure, have lower risk compared to the other groups mentioned.
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The nurse has observed that an older adult patient with a diagnosis of end-stage renal failure seems to prefer to have his eldest son make all of his health care decisions. While the family is visiting, the patient explains to you that this is a cultural practice and very important to him. How should you respond?
- A. Privately ask the son to allow the patient to make his own health care decisions.
- B. Explain to the patient that he is responsible for his own decisions.
- C. Work with the team to negotiate informed consent.
- D. Avoid divulging information to the eldest son.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Work with the team to negotiate informed consent. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize respecting the patient's cultural beliefs while also ensuring the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about his own healthcare. By working with the healthcare team to negotiate informed consent, the nurse can involve both the patient and his eldest son in the decision-making process, ensuring that the patient's preferences are respected while also upholding ethical principles of patient autonomy and beneficence. This approach promotes collaboration and respect for cultural values while still safeguarding the patient's rights.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not involve the patient in the decision-making process and could undermine his autonomy. Choice B is incorrect as it disregards the patient's cultural beliefs and preferences. Choice D is incorrect as it may violate the patient's right to information and involvement in his own care.
A patient newly diagnosed with a cervical disk herniation is receiving health education from the clinic nurse. What conservative management measures should the nurse teach the patient to implement?
- A. Perform active ROM exercises three times daily.
- B. Sleep on a firm mattress.
- C. Apply cool compresses to the back of the neck daily.
- D. Wear the cervical collar for at least 2 hours at a time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sleep on a firm mattress. A firm mattress helps maintain proper spinal alignment, reducing pressure on the cervical spine. This promotes healing and prevents worsening of symptoms.
A: Performing active ROM exercises may exacerbate symptoms and worsen the condition.
C: Applying cool compresses may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue of spinal alignment.
D: Wearing a cervical collar for extended periods can weaken neck muscles and hinder natural healing processes.
In summary, sleeping on a firm mattress is the most appropriate conservative measure as it supports proper spinal alignment.
A patient has been diagnosed with erectile dysfunction; the cause has been determined to be psychogenic. The patients interdisciplinary plan of care should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Penile implant
- B. PDE-5 inhibitors
- C. Physical therapy
- D. Psychotherapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychotherapy. In the case of psychogenic erectile dysfunction, the underlying cause is psychological rather than physical. Psychotherapy helps address the mental health factors contributing to the condition, such as anxiety or relationship issues. It can help the patient understand and manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors related to the dysfunction. Penile implant (A) and PDE-5 inhibitors (B) are more appropriate for physical causes of erectile dysfunction. Physical therapy (C) focuses on musculoskeletal conditions and would not be effective for psychogenic causes.
A nurse in a long-term care setting that is fundedby Medicare and Medicaid is completing standardized protocols for assessment and care planning for reimbursement. Which task is the nurse completing?
- A. A minimum data set
- B. An admission assessment and acuity level
- C. A focused assessment/specific body system
- D. An intake assessment form and auditing phase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A minimum data set. In a long-term care setting funded by Medicare and Medicaid, completing standardized protocols for assessment and care planning for reimbursement involves using a minimum data set, which is a standardized instrument for assessing residents' health status. This set of data elements is necessary for comprehensive assessment and care planning to ensure appropriate reimbursement. The other choices (B, C, D) do not specifically address the standardized protocols required for reimbursement in this setting. An admission assessment and acuity level would be part of the process, but not the primary task being completed in this scenario. A focused assessment on a specific body system or an intake assessment form and auditing phase are not synonymous with the standardized protocols needed for reimbursement in a Medicare/Medicaid-funded long-term care facility.
A nurse is teaching the staff about informatics.Which information from the staff indicates the nurse needs to follow up?
- A. To be proficient in informatics, a nurse should be able to discover, retrieve, and use information in practice.
- B. A nurse needs to know how to find, evaluate, and use information effectively.
- C. If a nurse has computer competency, the nurse is competent in informatics
- D. Nursing informatics is a recognized specialty area of nursing practice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Computer competency does not equate to informatics competency. Informatics involves more than just basic computer skills; it encompasses the ability to use technology to manage and analyze data for improved healthcare outcomes.
A: This is a correct statement about informatics proficiency.
B: This is also a correct statement about the skills needed for informatics.
D: This is a true statement about nursing informatics being a recognized specialty, but it does not indicate a need for follow-up.
In summary, choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the concept of informatics, while choices A, B, and D provide accurate information related to informatics.