Nokea
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called
- A. Ligaments
- B. Tendons
- C. Cartilage
- D. Fascia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called tendons. Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement and stability in the body. Ligaments (option A) connect bones to other bones, not muscles to bones. Cartilage (option C) is firm and flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, but it does not attach muscles to bones. Fascia (option D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing support and protection, but it does not directly attach muscles to bones.
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In experimental design, which variable is measured as a possible effect and is plotted on the y-axis?
- A. Independent, x
- B. Independent, y
- C. Dependent, x
- D. Dependent, y
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Dependent, y.' In experimental design, the dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured or observed as a result of changes in the independent variable. It is typically plotted on the y-axis of a graph to represent the effect or response to the changes in the independent variable. Choice A 'Independent, x' is incorrect because the independent variable is the variable manipulated by the experimenter and is usually plotted on the x-axis. Choice B 'Independent, y' is incorrect as the independent variable is not plotted on the y-axis. Choice C 'Dependent, x' is incorrect because the dependent variable is not typically plotted on the x-axis in experimental design.
What is the building block of DNA?
- A. Amino acid
- B. Nucleotide
- C. Phosphate group
- D. Fatty acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not DNA.
- Nucleotide is the correct building block of DNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
- The option 'C) Phosphate group' is incorrect as it is only part of a nucleotide, not the complete building block of DNA.
- Fatty acids are not the building blocks of DNA; they are a type of lipid molecule.
What is the unit of measurement for density?
- A. Grams per liter (g/L)
- B. Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
- C. Pounds per square inch (psi)
- D. Newtons per meter (N/m)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Density is defined as mass per unit volume. The most commonly used unit for density in the metric system is grams per liter (g/L). Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) is also a common unit for density, but grams per liter is more frequently used in everyday measurements. Pounds per square inch (psi) is a unit of pressure, not density. Newtons per meter (N/m) is a unit of force per unit length, not density.
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
- A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
- B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
- C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
- D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, where the individual's immune system produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine. This type of immunity is long-lasting because the immune system 'remembers' the pathogen and can mount a rapid response upon re-exposure. In contrast, passive immunity provides immediate protection through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as through maternal antibodies crossing the placenta or receiving antibodies through an injection. Passive immunity is short-lived because the transferred antibodies eventually degrade and are not produced by the recipient's immune system. Choice A is incorrect because active immunity is generally long-lasting, as it involves the production of antibodies by the individual's immune system. Choice C is incorrect as both active and passive immunity can work against various pathogens, not limited to bacteria or viruses. Choice D is incorrect as passive immunity does not require repeated vaccinations but provides temporary protection through the transfer of antibodies from an external source.
Which of the following structures is responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys?
- A. Ureter
- B. Glomerulus
- C. Nephron
- D. Renal artery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glomerulus. The glomerulus, located in the nephron of the kidney, is a network of tiny blood vessels responsible for filtering blood. It removes waste products and excess substances to form urine. The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder and is not involved in blood filtration. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney where blood is filtered and urine is produced. The renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys but is not directly involved in the filtration process.