Nokea
Splenectomy is curative in:
- A. G6PD def.
- B. ITP
- C. thalassemia
- D. hereditary spherocytosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: Splenectomy is curative in hereditary spherocytosis because it removes the site of red blood cell destruction. The spleen is responsible for filtering out abnormal or damaged red blood cells in this condition. Removing the spleen stops the destruction of spherocytes, leading to an improvement in anemia.
Summary of other choices:
A: G6PD def. - Splenectomy does not address the underlying enzyme deficiency causing hemolysis.
B: ITP - Splenectomy is used in refractory cases of ITP, but not considered curative.
C: Thalassemia - Splenectomy can be used to manage complications in thalassemia but does not cure the underlying genetic defect.
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The nurse assesses a patient who has numerous petechiae on both arms. Which question should the nurse ask the patient?
- A. Do you take salicylates?
- B. Are you taking any oral contraceptives?
- C. Have you been prescribed antiseizure drugs?
- D. How long have you taken antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Do you take salicylates?
Rationale:
1. Petechiae are tiny red or purple spots caused by bleeding under the skin.
2. Salicylates (like aspirin) can cause bleeding issues leading to petechiae.
3. Asking about salicylate use helps identify a potential cause for the petechiae.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Oral contraceptives are not typically associated with petechiae.
C: Antiseizure drugs do not commonly cause petechiae.
D: Antihypertensive drugs are not known to be a common cause of petechiae.
Dohle bodies are patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as cerulean blue cytoplasmic puddles. These findings are mostly seen in
- A. Chronic myeloid leukemia
- B. Leukemoid reaction
- C. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
- D. Infectious mononucleosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Infectious mononucleosis) is correct:
1. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
2. Dohle bodies are seen in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis.
3. These bodies represent aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neutrophils.
4. The appearance of Dohle bodies is attributed to the viral infection in infectious mononucleosis.
Summary:
A: Chronic myeloid leukemia - Dohle bodies are not typically seen in this condition.
B: Leukemoid reaction - Dohle bodies are not specific to a leukemoid reaction.
C: Chediak-Higashi syndrome - This syndrome is characterized by giant granules in neutrophils, not Dohle bodies.
Which of the following best characterizes the function of ferroportin in iron metabolism?
- A. A form of storage iron in intestinal mucosal cells
- B. A transport protein in the plasma
- C. A receptor protein on the surface of erythroid progenitors
- D. Transmembrane iron exporter
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ferroportin is a transmembrane iron exporter responsible for releasing iron from cells into the bloodstream. It is crucial in regulating systemic iron levels. Choice A is incorrect as storage iron is typically stored as ferritin. Choice B is incorrect as ferroportin is not found in the plasma but on cell membranes. Choice C is incorrect as erythroid progenitors do not directly interact with ferroportin. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the function of ferroportin in iron metabolism.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a bone marrow biopsy. Which anatomical site should the nurse anticipate will be used to obtain the specimen?
- A. Ribs
- B. Humerus
- C. Posterior iliac crest
- D. Long bones in the legs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior iliac crest. A bone marrow biopsy is commonly performed at the posterior iliac crest because it provides easy access to the bone marrow. This site has a high concentration of red bone marrow, making it an ideal location for obtaining a bone marrow specimen. The iliac crest is also a flat and easily accessible surface, which allows for safe and efficient insertion of the biopsy needle. Ribs (A) are not typically used due to the risk of puncturing the lungs. The humerus (B) is not a common site for bone marrow biopsy. Long bones in the legs (D) are not typically used due to the difficulty in accessing the bone marrow at those sites.
Which of the following requires IL-2 and IL-4 in the conversion of unilineage progenitor cell into mature circulating cell?
- A. Neutrophil
- B. Eosinophil
- C. Basophil
- D. B lymphocyte
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: B lymphocyte. IL-2 and IL-4 are essential for the differentiation of B lymphocytes from unilineage progenitor cells into mature circulating cells. IL-2 is crucial for B cell proliferation and survival, while IL-4 is required for B cell activation and class switching. Neutrophils do not require IL-2 and IL-4 for differentiation. Eosinophils are primarily influenced by IL-5. Basophils are influenced by IL-3 and IL-5. Therefore, B lymphocytes are the only cell type among the choices that specifically requires IL-2 and IL-4 for their maturation.