Nokea
State four (4) negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- A. Apathy
- B. Social withdrawal
- C. Blunted affect
- D. Poverty of speech
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Negative symptoms involve diminished function, such as lack of emotion, isolation, flat affect, and reduced verbal output.
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A nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. What is a priority nursing intervention?
- A. Encourage regular exercise to promote weight loss.
- B. Provide a calm, structured environment with consistent mealtimes.
- C. Focus on weight loss as the most important goal.
- D. Offer the patient a high-protein diet to restore health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide a calm, structured environment with consistent mealtimes. This is the priority intervention because individuals with bulimia nervosa benefit from a stable and supportive environment to establish regular eating patterns and reduce anxiety around mealtimes. This intervention helps promote a sense of safety and predictability, which are crucial for managing the eating disorder. Encouraging regular exercise (Choice A) may exacerbate compulsive behaviors related to bulimia. Weight loss (Choice C) should not be the focus as it can worsen the patient's condition. Offering a high-protein diet (Choice D) may not address the underlying psychological issues associated with bulimia.
The spouse of a man being treated with sertraline (Zoloft) calls to report that he had a grand mal seizure. Prior to the seizure, he had seemed confused and his forehead felt hot. The man does not have a seizure-disorder history. Which action should the nurse direct the spouse to take?
- A. Monitor the patient and notify the clinic if there are more seizures.
- B. Hold all medications and call 911 for transportation to the hospital.
- C. Hold tonight's sertraline and encourage him to drink more fluids.
- D. Administer an antipyretic drug to lower his fever and prevent seizures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: The man had a grand mal seizure, confusion, and a hot forehead, which are signs of serotonin syndrome, a serious side effect of sertraline.
Step 2: The nurse should direct the spouse to hold all medications to prevent further serotonin syndrome symptoms.
Step 3: Calling 911 for immediate transportation to the hospital is crucial for prompt evaluation and treatment of the seizure and serotonin syndrome.
Step 4: This action ensures the man receives appropriate medical care to address the seizure and manage the potential serotonin syndrome.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as monitoring the patient at home is not sufficient for a serious medical emergency like serotonin syndrome.
- Choice C is incorrect as simply holding tonight's sertraline and encouraging fluids does not address the immediate need for medical intervention.
- Choice D is incorrect as administering an antipyretic drug does not address the underlying cause of the seizure and confusion, which is serotonin syndrome.
A catatonic patient admitted in a stuporous condition begins to demonstrate increased motor activity. During his assessment, the psychiatrist raises the patient's arm above his head and releases it. The patient maintains the position his arm was placed in, immobile in that position for 15 minutes, moving only when the nurse gently lowers his arm. What symptom is demonstrated by this assessment technique?
- A. Echopraxia
- B. Waxy flexibility
- C. Depersonalization
- D. Thought withdrawal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waxy flexibility. This symptom is demonstrated by the patient's ability to maintain the position his arm was placed in, immobile, for an extended period of time. This is characteristic of catatonia, where individuals exhibit increased motor activity and abnormal posturing. Waxy flexibility refers to the tendency of catatonic patients to maintain positions that they are placed in by others, almost as if their limbs are made of wax and can be molded into different positions.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Echopraxia involves mimicking the movements of others, which is not demonstrated in this scenario.
C: Depersonalization refers to feeling detached from oneself, which is not evident in the patient's behavior during the assessment.
D: Thought withdrawal is a symptom of schizophrenia where thoughts are believed to be removed from one's mind by an external force, which is not relevant to the patient's motor behavior in this case.
Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Binge eating followed by purging.
- B. Self-induced vomiting after meals.
- C. Restricting food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight.
- D. Eating large quantities of food and then exercising excessively.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricting food intake and having an intense fear of gaining weight. This behavior leads to severe weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is typically associated with bulimia nervosa, where binge eating is followed by purging. Choice B also aligns with bulimia, as self-induced vomiting is a common purging behavior. Choice D describes behaviors more typical of binge eating disorder, where individuals consume large quantities of food followed by excessive exercise. In anorexia nervosa, the primary focus is on severe food restriction and the fear of weight gain, leading to significantly low body weight.
A nurse is assessing a patient with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following findings would be a priority for intervention?
- A. Weight loss of 2 pounds over the past week.
- B. Denial of the need for nutrition rehabilitation.
- C. Body image disturbance and self-imposed starvation.
- D. Refusal to participate in social activities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Body image disturbance and self-imposed starvation. This is a priority because it directly addresses the core issues of anorexia nervosa and poses immediate risks to the patient's health. Body image disturbance contributes to the patient's self-imposed starvation, which can lead to severe malnutrition and other serious complications. Addressing this issue is crucial for the patient's well-being.
A: Weight loss of 2 pounds over the past week is concerning but may not be an immediate priority compared to addressing the underlying psychological issues.
B: Denial of the need for nutrition rehabilitation is important to address but may not pose an immediate threat to the patient's health compared to self-imposed starvation.
D: Refusal to participate in social activities may be a consequence of anorexia nervosa but does not directly address the urgent need to address body image disturbance and self-imposed starvation.