Nokea
Stimulation of baroreceptor leads to:
- A. Increased blood pressure, Increased heart rate
- B. Decreased BP, decreased heart rate
- C. Increased BP, decreased heart rate
- D. Decreased BP, Increased heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Baroreceptor stimulation (e.g., high BP) triggers parasympathetic activation, lowering BP and heart rate (B). A and C increase BP, D is mixed.
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Which of the following is not a major blood vessel of the cardiovascular system?
- A. Aorta
- B. Pulmonary vein
- C. Femoral artery
- D. Renal artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The aorta (Choice A) is the largest artery, distributing oxygenated blood to the body. The pulmonary vein (Choice B) returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The renal artery (Choice D) supplies the kidneys and is significant in systemic circulation. The femoral artery (Choice C), while important, is a regional vessel supplying the leg and not classified as a 'major' vessel like the aorta or pulmonary vein in the context of the cardiovascular system’s primary structure.
Identify the type of vessel that functions in exchange of blood gases, nutrients, and wastes.
- A. arteries
- B. arterioles
- C. venules
- D. capillaries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Capillaries (D) are thin-walled, allowing gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues. Arteries (A), arterioles (B), and venules (C) transport, not exchange.
Least blood pressure is at:
- A. Vein
- B. Vena cava
- C. Aorta
- D. Capillary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vena cava (B) has the lowest pressure (~0-5 mmHg) as blood returns to the heart. Veins (A, ~10 mmHg), capillaries (D, ~20 mmHg), and aorta (C, ~100 mmHg) have higher pressures.
Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
- A. Coronary sulcus
- B. Anterior interventricular sulcus
- C. Posterior interventricular sulcus
- D. Coronary sinus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior interventricular sulcus (B) marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles on the heart’s front. Coronary sulcus (A) separates atria from ventricles, posterior sulcus (C) is on the back, and coronary sinus (D) is a vein.
The contraction of the heart muscle is called
- A. diastole
- B. peristalsis
- C. systole
- D. spasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systole (C) is heart muscle contraction (atrial or ventricular). Diastole (A) is relaxation, peristalsis (B) is GI movement, and spasm (D) is involuntary contraction.