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Strategies to advance your career and opportunities available in your first job can coexist. Identify factors that will help you prioritize these opportunities to fulfill your goals. (Select all that apply.)
- A. Self-actualization and assessing your values and your lifestyle.
- B. Determine where you can grow and develop professionally.
- C. Your ability to work as a team member.
- D. Reflect on your long-term career aspirations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because self-actualization and assessing your values and lifestyle are essential for aligning your career goals with personal values, leading to long-term satisfaction and fulfillment. By understanding your core values and lifestyle preferences, you can prioritize job opportunities that align with your aspirations.
Choice B is incorrect because while professional growth is important, it may not necessarily align with your personal values and lifestyle. Choice C is incorrect as teamwork skills are important, but they do not directly relate to prioritizing career opportunities based on personal values. Choice D is incorrect as reflecting on long-term career aspirations alone may not provide a holistic view of how to prioritize opportunities in alignment with personal values and lifestyle.
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Which leadership style is most effective in a crisis situation?
- A. Democratic
- B. Autocratic
- C. Transformational
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autocratic. In a crisis situation, quick and decisive actions are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for immediate decision-making and clear direction, which is essential in rapidly changing and high-stress environments. This style ensures swift responses and minimizes confusion or delays.
Incorrect choices:
A: Democratic leadership involves group decision-making, which may be time-consuming and not suitable for urgent crisis situations.
C: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering others, which may not be as effective in a crisis when quick and direct actions are needed.
D: Laissez-faire leadership gives employees a high degree of freedom and independence, which can lead to chaos and lack of direction in a crisis scenario.
The Hawthorne effect explains that the relationship between people and productivity is enhanced by which of the following?
- A. Special attention
- B. Organizations
- C. Creativity
- D. Groups
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Special attention. The Hawthorne effect states that individuals modify their behavior when they know they are being observed. Providing special attention to individuals can lead to increased productivity as they are more motivated to perform well. This concept emphasizes the importance of personal interactions and recognition in improving productivity.
Summary:
- B: Organizations - While organizations play a role in productivity, the Hawthorne effect focuses on individual behavior rather than organizational structure.
- C: Creativity - While creativity can enhance productivity, the Hawthorne effect specifically highlights the impact of attention and observation on behavior.
- D: Groups - While group dynamics can influence productivity, the Hawthorne effect focuses on individual responses to attention and observation.
A __________ is often helpful to use when a problem is not easily identified.
- A. trial and error
- B. Delphi method
- C. political decision-making model
- D. affinity map
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: affinity map. When a problem is not easily identified, using an affinity map can help organize and visually represent different ideas or information related to the issue. This method allows for clustering similar themes or concepts, leading to a clearer understanding of the problem.
A: Trial and error involves randomly trying different solutions without a systematic approach.
B: The Delphi method is a structured communication technique for gathering opinions from experts, which may not directly help in identifying the problem.
C: Political decision-making model focuses on power dynamics and interests, which may not be relevant for problem identification.
In summary, using an affinity map promotes structured organization of information, making it the most suitable choice for identifying unclear problems.
As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Martha Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential.
Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.
Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering childhood vaccinations
- B. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment
- C. Routine screening for hypertension
- D. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the impact of an existing disease or condition. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention because it aims to improve the quality of life and functionality of an individual who has already experienced a stroke. Administering childhood vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment (B) is an example of secondary prevention to detect and treat existing cancer. Routine screening for hypertension (C) is an example of secondary prevention to identify and manage hypertension before it progresses.