Strategies to improve adherence to medication regimes include:
- A. Assuming that the patient understands the directions on the prescription bottle
- B. Using pictograms or illustrations to explain how to take the medication
- C. Assuming that the patient's health literacy level is the same as their general literacy
- D. Using the patient's preferred language when there is a language barrier
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because pictograms clarify instructions visually, aiding comprehension and adherence, especially for low-literacy patients. Choice A is incorrect as assuming understanding can lead to errors. Choice C is wrong because health literacy varies from general literacy, needing specific attention. Choice D is incorrect here as it's a good strategy but not listed in this question's options correctly—B fits best.
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The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
- A. NPs licensed in one state may practice in other states.
- B. full prescriptive authority will be granted to all NPs with doctoral degrees.
- C. NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging health care needs of patients.
- D. requirements for physician supervision of NPs will be removed in all states.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because doctoral programs aim to better prepare NPs for evolving healthcare needs, per the AACN. Choice A is incorrect as licensure remains state-specific. Choice B is wrong since prescriptive authority depends on state laws. Choice D is inaccurate as supervision rules vary by state.
The parents of a 3-year-old child tell the primary care NP that their child is a very picky eater and they are worried about the child's nutrition. The NP should recommend:
- A. giving the child a daily multivitamin containing iron.
- B. providing small portions of a variety of foods at each meal.
- C. disciplining the child at mealtimes to ensure proper nutrition.
- D. making sure the child's cereals are fortified with vitamins and minerals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering variety in small portions balances nutrition over time for picky eaters. Choice A is incorrect (multivitamin if variety fails). Choice C is wrong (discipline ineffective). Choice D is inaccurate (fortified cereal not enough).
Passive monitoring of drug effectiveness includes:
- A. Therapeutic drug levels
- B. Adding or subtracting medications from the treatment regimen
- C. Ongoing provider visits
- D. Instructing the patient to report if the drug is not effective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because passive monitoring relies on patient feedback, like reporting ineffectiveness, rather than active measures like lab tests. Choice A is incorrect as therapeutic levels are active monitoring. Choice B is wrong because adjusting medications is an intervention, not monitoring. Choice C is incorrect since provider visits are active engagement, not passive.
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration:
- A. Registers manufacturers and prescribers of controlled substances
- B. Regulates NP prescribing at the state level
- C. Sanctions providers who prescribe drugs off-label
- D. Provides prescribers with a number they can use for insurance billing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because the DEA registers those handling controlled substances, issuing numbers for tracking and prescribing, its primary role. Choice B is incorrect as state boards, not the DEA, regulate NP prescribing. Choice C is wrong because off-label prescribing isn't DEA-regulated. Choice D is incorrect since the DEA number is for controlled substances, not insurance billing.
Drugs that may cause increased adverse effects in women include:
- A. Lipid-soluble drugs
- B. Water-soluble drugs
- C. Drugs that are highly protein bound
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because women's lower lean mass reduces the volume of distribution for water-soluble drugs, increasing concentrations and ADR risk. Choice A is incorrect as lipid-soluble drugs distribute more in fat, not necessarily causing more ADRs. Choice C is wrong because protein binding isn't sex-specific enough here. Choice D is incorrect since only water-soluble drugs align.