Nokea
Support systems during the grieving process include all of the following except:
- A. a despondent friend.
- B. a nurse.
- C. a social worker.
- D. a family member.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A despondent friend, even though this could be a support to the grieving person, is in a state of despondency. Therefore, he or she might not do well with a grieving friend.
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A nurse is instructing a person who had a left CVA and right lower extremity hemiparesis to use a quad cane. Which of the following is the most appropriate gait sequence?
- A. Place the cane in the patient's left upper extremity, encourage cane, then right lower extremity, then left upper extremity gait sequence.
- B. Place the cane in the patient's left upper extremity, encourage cane, then left lower extremity, then right upper extremity gait sequence.
- C. Place the cane in the patient's right upper extremity, encourage cane, then right lower extremity, then left upper extremity gait sequence.
- D. Place the cane in the patient's right upper extremity, encourage cane, then left lower extremity, then right upper extremity gait sequence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cane should be placed in the patient's strong upper extremity (left), and the sequence should coordinate the weak side (right leg) with the cane for support, followed by the strong side (left leg).
Ten-year-old Jackie is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever. She relates a history of 'a sore throat about a month ago.' Bed rest with bathroom privileges is prescribed. Which of the following nursing assessments should be given the highest priority when assessing Jackie's condition?
- A. her response to being hospitalized
- B. the presence of a macular rash on her trunk
- C. her cardiac status
- D. the presence of polyarthritis and pain in her joints
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring cardiac status is of the highest priority. Permanent cardiac damage can result from rheumatic fever. The second priority is assessing the client's joints for the presence of polyarthritis and accompanying pain.
A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Emphysema about the disease process. Which of the following statements best explains the problems associated with emphysema and could be adapted for use in the nurse's discussion with the client?
- A. Hyperactivity of the medium-sized bronchi caused by an inflammatory response leads to wheezing and tightness in the chest.
- B. Larger than normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways.
- C. Vasodilation, congestion, and mucosal edema cause a chronic cough and sputum production.
- D. Chloride is not being transported properly, producing excess absorption of water and sodium, and thick viscous mucus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Larger-than-normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways. Emphysema is a breakdown of the elastin and fiber network of the alveoli where the alveoli enlarge or the walls are destroyed. This alveolar destruction leads to the formation of larger-than-normal air spaces. Emphysema is one of a group of pulmonary diseases of a chronic nature characterized by increased resistance to airflow; the entity is part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Which statement about chemotherapy is true?
- A. It is a local treatment affecting only tumor cells.
- B. It is a systemic treatment affecting both tumor and normal cells.
- C. It has not yet been proved an effective treatment for cancer.
- D. It is often the drug of choice because it causes few, if any, side effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 5-FU is an antineoplastic, antimetabolic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and interferes with cell replication. It is given intravenously and acts systemically. It affects all rapidly growing cells, both malignant and normal. It is used as adjuvant therapy for treating cancer of the colon, rectum, stomach, breast, and pancreas. This drug has many side effects, including bone marrow depression, anorexia, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting.
The difference between spirituality and religion is that spirituality is:
- A. a belief about a higher power.
- B. an individual's relationship with a higher power.
- C. organized worship.
- D. a belief in an invisible energy or ideal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Religion can be considered a system of beliefs, practices, and ethical values about a divine or superhuman power or powers worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe. Spirituality is a belief in or relationship with some higher power, creative force, driving being, or infinite source of energy.