Nokea
Symptoms of prostate cancer include:
- A. Nocturia and intermittent stream of urination.
- B. Diminished force of urinary stream and urgency.
- C. Difficulty initiating stream of urine and frequency.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prostate cancer can cause a variety of urinary symptoms due to the enlargement or obstruction of the prostate gland. These include nocturia (frequent nighttime urination)
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Which intervention should you delegate to the nursing assistant for a patient with cystitis?
- A. Show the patient how to secure a clean-catch urine sample.
- B. Check the patient's urine for color, odor, and sediment.
- C. Review the nursing care plan and add nursing interventions.
- D. Provide the patient with a clean-catch urine sample container.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reviewing the nursing care plan and adding nursing interventions can be delegated to the nursing assistant as it does not involve any complex medical procedures or decision-making.
What information should be taught to a patient taking oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) for incontinence?
- A. Drink fluids or use hard candy when you experience a dry mouth.
- B. Be sure to notify your physician if you experience a heart rate of less than 60 per minute.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption.
- D. Avoid all citrus fruits and juices while on this medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to monitor heart rate, as oxybutynin can cause cardiac side effects.
Which important functions of regulation of water balance and acid-base balance occur in the distal convoluted tubes of the nephron?
- A. Secretion of H+ into filtrate
- B. Reabsorption of water without ADH
- C. Reabsorption of Na+ in exchange for K+
- D. Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The distal convoluted tubules play a role in secreting H+ into the filtrate and reabsorption of water under ADH influence for regulation of water and acid-base balance.
Which characteristic is more likely with acute pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI?
- A. Fever
- B. Dysuria
- C. Urgency
- D. Frequency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because fever is more commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis, which is an infection of the renal parenchyma, compared to lower UTIs that primarily affect the bladder and urethra. Dysuria, urgency, and frequency can occur in both types of UTIs but may be more severe in acute pyelonephritis.
What results in the edema associated with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Hypercoagulability
- B. Hyperalbuminemia
- C. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- D. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The edema associated with nephrotic syndrome is a result of decreased plasma oncotic pressure, which leads to fluid leaking out of the blood vessels and into the tissues.