Nokea
The 62-year-old client is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which medication, if taken by the client, should the nurse identify as posing a secondary risk factor for the client’s osteoporosis?
- A. Baby aspirin daily for past 4 years
- B. Escitalopram 5 mg daily for past 7 months
- C. Multivitamin for many years
- D. 10-year use of budesonide nostril spray bid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid use, like budesonide, is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Aspirin, escitalopram, and multivitamins (with calcium/vitamin D) do not contribute to bone loss.
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The nurse is teaching a group of middle-aged female nurses about middle-aged moral development applicable only to women. Which point should the nurse most specifically address?
- A. Gilligan’s moral development theory includes responsibility and caring for self and others
- B. Kohlberg’s moral development theory includes living according to universally agreed-upon principles
- C. Westerhoff’s stages of faith include putting faith into personal and social action and standing up for beliefs
- D. Fowler’s stages of spiritual development include becoming aware of truth from a variety of viewpoints
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gilligan’s theory, specific to women, emphasizes morality as integrity in relationships and caring for others and self, unlike Kohlberg’s justice-based theory. Westerhoff and Fowler address spiritual, not moral, development.
The nurse has limited time to teach the middle-aged adult client. The nurse should initially plan to take which action?
- A. Provide brochures and handouts that the client can discuss with family members
- B. Make a referral to outpatient resources for the client to receive the needed teaching
- C. Establish the highest-priority learning needs and teach with each client or family contact
- D. Answer the client’s questions and leave the extensive teaching for the nurse on the next shift
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prioritizing learning needs ensures important teaching is completed efficiently during limited time. Brochures alone, referrals, or deferring teaching are less effective initially.
The nurse is caring for the chronically ill middle-aged adult who has had numerous hospitalizations. Which behaviors may interfere with the client’s achievement of the developmental task associated with middle adulthood? Select all that apply.
- A. Writes thank-you notes to friends
- B. Stays at home and refuses visitors
- C. Self-absorbed in own psychological needs
- D. Attempts to perform own personal cares
- E. Continually relays feelings of inadequacy
Correct Answer: B;C;E
Rationale: Staying home, self-absorption, and feelings of inadequacy interfere with maintaining social relationships and generativity. Thank-you notes and self-care support generativity.
When the office nurse completes height measurement for the 72-year-old female, the client says that she lost half an inch. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. As we age, we lose muscle mass.'
- B. Bone loss is due to lack of exercise.'
- C. As we age, we lose knee and hip cartilage.'
- D. The vertebral column shortens with aging.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aging causes vertebral column shortening due to water and bone density loss, leading to height reduction. Muscle mass, exercise, and cartilage loss don’t primarily affect height.
The nurse is collecting information from the young adult client. Which psychosocial questions should the nurse ask during the admission assessment? Select all that apply.
- A. Do you have any pets?'
- B. How many hours of sleep do you get?'
- C. When was your last bowel movement?'
- D. How much alcohol do you drink?'
- E. Can you describe your sexual activity?'
Correct Answer: A;B;D;E
Rationale: The nurse should ask about pets (enhances mental well-being), sleep (affects coping and immunity), alcohol use (impacts health risks), and sexual activity (STI/HIV risks). Bowel movement is physiological, not psychosocial.