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The 67-year-old male client reports difficulty initiating a urinary stream, urinary frequency, and inability to completely empty the bladder. Which procedure would the nurse anticipate the health-care provider (HCP) performing first?
- A. Digital rectal examination (DRE).
- B. Prostate-specific surface antigen (PSA).
- C. Prostate ultrasound.
- D. Biopsy of the prostate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DRE is the initial procedure for assessing prostate enlargement (e.g., BPH), which causes urinary symptoms. PSA, ultrasound, and biopsy are follow-ups if DRE is abnormal.
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Because many antineoplastic drugs affect bone marrow function, which laboratory test is most important to monitor for client safety?
- A. Mean cell volume
- B. Total leukocyte count
- C. Differential cell count
- D. Complete blood count
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A complete blood count monitors red cells, white cells, and platelets, detecting bone marrow suppression caused by antineoplastic drugs.
Which client has the highest risk for developing cancer of the testicles?
- A. The client diagnosed with epididymitis.
- B. The client born with cryptorchidism.
- C. The client with an enlarged prostate.
- D. The client diagnosed with hypospadias.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) significantly increases testicular cancer risk due to abnormal testicular development. Epididymitis, enlarged prostate, and hypospadias are not strong risk factors.
What intervention should the nurse implement for a client diagnosed with a rectocele?
- A. Limit oral intake to decrease voiding.
- B. Encourage a low-residue diet.
- C. Administer a stool softener daily.
- D. Arrange for the client to take sitz baths.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stool softeners prevent straining during bowel movements, reducing rectocele pressure. Limiting intake is inappropriate, low-residue diets increase constipation risk, and sitz baths are less specific.
If the client is typical of others with gonorrhea, which statements made by the client will help to make the diagnosis? Select all that apply.
- A. I have burning when I urinate.
- B. I have a yellow drainage from my penis.
- C. I had sexual intercourse 5 days ago.
- D. I have a painless ulceration on my penis.
- E. I have little blisters on my penis and scrotum.
- F. I have extra skin growing around my penis.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Burning on urination and yellow penile discharge are hallmark symptoms of gonorrhea, supporting the diagnosis.
The nurse correctly informs the client that the breast self-examination (BSE) technique involves palpating each breast moving in small concentric circles, following imaginary spokes in a wheel, or moving in rows from superior to inferior stress of the breast. Besides the breast, which other body area is essential to palpate?
- A. The axillae
- B. The sternum
- C. The clavicles
- D. The ribs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The axillae (armpits) contain lymph nodes that drain the breast tissue, and palpating this area is essential to detect any abnormal lymph node enlargement, which could indicate breast pathology.