Nokea
The acquisition of adaptive skills and behaviors by an individual who has been disabled since birth refers to:
- A. training.
- B. education.
- C. development.
- D. habilitation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Habilitation refers to developing skills and behaviors in people who did not have the skills originally. Children who are disabled from birth have no skills to relearn and are habilitated rather than rehabilitated.
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When speaking to a group of high school students, the rehabilitation nurse states that spinal cord injuries resulting in paralysis occur mainly as the result of traumatic accidents in which group of individuals?
- A. Middle-aged men
- B. Older adult females
- C. Young males
- D. Young females
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Individuals paralyzed by spinal cord injuries are primarily young males.
The nurse instructs the mother of a 5-year-old who sustained a mild brain injury that although all neurologic evaluations are normal, her child may exhibit postconcussive syndrome. What are common characteristics of this syndrome?
- A. Convulsions and high fever
- B. Irritability and memory deficits
- C. Muscular twitching and muscle pain
- D. Paresis of limbs and fatigue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mild brain injury is characterized by brief or no loss of consciousness. This type constitutes the majority of head injuries. Neurologic examinations are often normal. Postconcussive syndrome can persist for months, years, or indefinitely. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, headache, vertigo, lethargy, irritability, personality changes, cognitive deficits, decreased information processing speed and memory, understanding, learning, and perceptual difficulties.
What should the nurse do to reduce the incidence of postural hypotension in a patient with a spinal cord injury?
- A. Monitor diastolic blood pressure closely.
- B. Encourage the patient to remain in the bed.
- C. Raise the head of the bed for 15 to 20 minutes before transfer to a wheelchair.
- D. Encourage adequate intake of fluids to expand fluid volume.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed before transfer allows for gradual vessel accommodation from the supine position to the upright position. It is important to check the patient's blood pressure, but it will not reduce the incidence of postural hypotension. It is important to encourage the patient to get out of bed. Postural hypotension is related to a pooling of blood in the lower extremities and is not related to a fluid volume deficit.
A child who was struck by a car and suffered a closed head injury was unconscious for 24 hours before waking. The nurse recognizes this as a brain injury.
Correct Answer: moderate
Rationale: A period of unconsciousness of 1 to 24 hours is characteristic of a moderate brain injury.
The nurse is caring for a victim of posttraumatic stress syndrome. The nurse identifies which techniques as examples of therapeutic communication?
- A. Listening
- B. Reframing
- C. Characterizing
- D. Normalizing responses
- E. Working to develop trust
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The techniques of therapeutic communication that are important to use with the PTSD patient are listening, reframing, normalizing responses, and working to develop trust.