FNP Pediatric Practice Questions

FNP Pediatric Practice Questions Related

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The adolescent patient has symptoms of meningitis: nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse knows to prepare for the following test:

  • A. blood culture.
  • B. throat and ear culture.
  • C. CAT scan.
  • D. lumbar puncture.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms described (nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy) suggest possible meningitis, which is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. One of the key diagnostic tests for meningitis is a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. During a lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected from the space around the spinal cord and analyzed for signs of infection, inflammation, or other abnormalities. This test helps confirm or rule out a diagnosis of meningitis and identify the specific infectious agent causing the illness. Other tests, such as blood cultures, may also be done to further evaluate the infection, but a lumbar puncture is essential for diagnosing meningitis in this case.

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The least common late neurologic sequelae that may be encountered post craniospinal irradiation in a 9-year-old child with medulloblastoma is

  • A. microcephaly
  • B. learning disabilities
  • C. cognitive impairment
  • D. second malignancy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Second malignancy is a rare late effect compared to cognitive and learning impairments.

Laboratory findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis include all of the following except :

  • A. hematuria.
  • B. polyuria.
  • C. proteinuria.
  • D. white cell casts.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction. Common laboratory findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), and white cell casts (indicative of inflammation in the kidney tubules). Polyuria, which refers to excessive urination, is not a typical laboratory finding associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Instead, patients with acute glomerulonephritis often present with oliguria or reduced urine output due to impaired kidney function. Therefore, polyuria is not consistent with the typical laboratory findings of acute glomerulonephritis.

A child is brought to your clinic for a routine exam. She can dress with help, can ride a tricycle, knows her own age, and can speak in short sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child is most likely:

  • A. 1 year
  • B. 2 years
  • C. 3 years
  • D. 4 years
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At 3 years, children typically have the ability to dress with assistance, ride a tricycle, know their age, and speak in short sentences. Copying a square usually occurs later, around 4 years of age.

A 3-day-old neonate has a large, soft, painless mass involving the head and neck region that mostly transilluminate; CT scan reveals a cystic mass involving the neck and intrathoracic mediastinum. The BEST modality for treatment of this neonate is

  • A. surgical resection
  • B. injection sclerosing agent
  • C. laser therapy
  • D. systemic interferon therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Surgical resection is the definitive treatment for cystic hygroma.

The nurse, in assessing the adequacy of a client's fluid replacement during the first 2 to 3 days following full- thickness burns to the trunk and right thigh, would be aware that the most significant data would be obtained from recording

  • A. Weights every day .
  • B. Blood pressure every 15 minutes
  • C. Urinary output every hour
  • D. Extent of peripheral edema every 4 hours
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring urinary output every hour is crucial in assessing the adequacy of fluid replacement in a client with full-thickness burns. Burn injuries can result in a significant loss of fluid and electrolytes due to increased capillary permeability and excessive fluid shift from the intravascular space to the interstitial space. Adequate fluid replacement is essential to maintain tissue perfusion, prevent hypovolemia, and support organ function. By closely monitoring the urinary output every hour, the nurse can assess renal perfusion, fluid balance, and the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. A decrease in urinary output can indicate inadequate fluid replacement, while an increase may suggest fluid overload. This information is important in guiding adjustments to the fluid replacement therapy to ensure optimal outcomes for the client. Weights, blood pressure measurements, and assessment of peripheral edema are also important data to monitor in a burn client, but urinary output is the most significant indicator of fluid balance in

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