Nokea
The aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing is an example of what central theme in biology?
- A. Heredity.
- B. Ontogeny.
- C. Organisms and their environment.
- D. Structure and function.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
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What type of cell primarily makes up animals?
- A. Eukaryotic
- B. Simple
- C. Prokaryotic
- D. Bacterial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Animals are composed primarily of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are complex and serve as the basis for multicellular organisms such as animals, contrasting with prokaryotic cells that lack a defined nucleus and organelles.
A mother is homozygous recessive for freckles (ff) and a father is heterozygous for freckles (FF). Which genotypic ratio for freckles do their children have?
- A. 50% ff, 50% FF.
- B. 25% ff, 75% Ff.
- C. 25% FF, 75% ff.
- D. 50% ff, 50% Ff.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A (50% ff, 50% FF)
Rationale:
1. The mother is homozygous recessive (ff) and the father is heterozygous (FF).
2. The father can only pass on the dominant allele (F) to all offspring.
3. All offspring will inherit one F allele from the father and one f allele from the mother.
4. The genotypic ratio will be 50% FF (f from father) and 50% ff (f from mother).
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because the father cannot pass on the recessive allele.
- Choice C is incorrect as the mother is homozygous recessive.
- Choice D is incorrect because it does not consider the father's genotype.
The cellular membrane consists of a bilayer of which substances?
- A. Nucleic acids
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Proteins
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cellular membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, forming the structure that regulates entry and exit.
Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water? (Select one that doesn't apply.)
- A. Water has a relatively high specific heat value.
- B. Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties.
- C. Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent.
- D. Water moves from higher to lower concentrations.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water leads to various unique properties. Options A, B, and C are benefits of this bonding. Water's high specific heat value allows it to resist temperature changes, which is advantageous for temperature regulation in organisms. The strong cohesive and adhesive properties of water contribute to capillary action and surface tension, essential in biological systems. Additionally, water's polarity enables it to dissolve a wide range of substances, making it a versatile solvent. Option D, 'Water moves from higher to lower concentrations,' is not a direct benefit of intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water. Instead, it describes the process of osmosis, which is driven by differences in solute concentrations rather than hydrogen bonding.
What is the first step in the process of respiration?
- A. Fermentation
- B. Krebs cycle
- C. Electron transport chain
- D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the cytoplasm. This step is crucial as it initiates the breakdown of glucose, setting the stage for further energy production in subsequent stages like the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.