Nokea
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences includes members whose topics of study span many disciplines such as math, science, arts, humanities, public affairs, and business. Which of the following is an appropriate synonym for disciplines as it is used in the sentence?
- A. locations
- B. regions
- C. punishments
- D. fields
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this context, 'disciplines' refers to specific areas of study or fields of expertise. Therefore, the most appropriate synonym for 'disciplines' would be 'fields.' Options A, B, and C do not accurately convey the meaning of 'disciplines' in the given sentence. 'Locations' and 'regions' refer to physical places, while 'punishments' is entirely unrelated to the context of academic or professional fields of study.
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Everyday items like potatoes, bread, onions, and even saliva are the tools of art conservators, who work to clean and restore works of art. Which of the following is misspelled in the sentence above?
- A. potatoes
- B. saliva
- C. conservators
- D. restore
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct spelling is 'potatoes,' with the correct plural form being used in this context. The other choices are spelled correctly: 'saliva,' 'conservators,' and 'restore.' 'Saliva' refers to a bodily fluid, 'conservators' are professionals who work on art conservation, and 'restore' means to bring something back to its original condition or state.
Which of the following sentences has correct pronoun-antecedent agreement?
- A. The storm, which included three days of rain, was very strong, and it left half the city flooded.
- B. Each of the cars needs to be examined for damage by a mechanic; they may need repairs.
- C. The number of people who had to evacuate hasn't been confirmed, but it is small.
- D. Many people were able to take advantage of shelters, where they were kept safe from the storm.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sentence C correctly maintains the pronoun-antecedent agreement. In this sentence, the antecedent is 'number of people,' and the pronoun 'it' is used to refer back to this antecedent. The singular pronoun 'it' matches the singular antecedent 'number,' making the sentence grammatically correct.
Choice A is incorrect because it uses the plural pronoun 'they' to refer back to the singular antecedent 'storm.'
Choice B is incorrect as it uses the plural pronoun 'they' to refer back to the singular antecedent 'each of the cars.'
Choice D is incorrect because it uses the singular pronoun 'he or she' to refer back to the plural antecedent 'many people.' This creates a lack of agreement between the pronoun and its antecedent.
After a twelve-hour workday, James was exhausted when he heard the news.
- A. .
- B. ;
- C. ,
- D. -
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The comma (,) is used to separate the introductory clause 'After a twelve-hour workday' from the main clause 'James was exhausted when he heard the news.' This punctuation correctly indicates the relationship between the two clauses without interrupting the flow of the sentence. Choice A (.), a period, would create two separate sentences, which is not appropriate in this context. Choice B (;) is too strong of a pause and semicolons are typically used to connect closely related independent clauses. Choice D (-) is an em dash, which is used to set off an abrupt break or interruption in the sentence, not to separate an introductory clause from the main clause.
On Parents' Day, a public holiday in the Democratic Republic of Congo, families celebrate parents' both living and deceased. Which of the following punctuation marks is used incorrectly?
- A. the apostrophe in Parents' Day
- B. the comma following Day
- C. the comma following Congo
- D. the apostrophe in parents'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The comma following 'Day' is used incorrectly. Commas are typically not used after single-word identifiers like 'Day' in a sentence unless they are part of a list. In this case, the holiday is referred to as 'Parents' Day,' where the apostrophe is used correctly to indicate possession. The comma following 'Day' is unnecessary and should be removed for proper punctuation. Choices A and D both use apostrophes correctly to indicate possession, so they are not incorrect. The comma following 'Congo' in choice C is necessary to set off the introductory phrase 'a public holiday in the Democratic Republic of Congo.' Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Which of the following prefixes would be used to indicate that something is inside or within?
- A. intra-
- B. trans-
- C. anti-
- D. hyper-
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "intra-". The prefix "intra-" is used to indicate that something is inside or within. For example, "intracellular" means within a cell, and "intrapersonal" means within oneself. Choice B, "trans-", typically indicates across, beyond, or through, not inside or within. Choice C, "anti-", is used to indicate against or opposed to. Choice D, "hyper-", usually denotes excessive or above normal levels, not inside or within.