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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of validated standardized developmental screening tools at three of the health maintenance visits, these are at
- A. 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months
- B. 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months
- C. 9 months, 18 months, and 30 months
- D. 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental screenings are recommended at 9, 18, and 30 months.
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The nurse evaluates a certified nursing assistant. Which of the following actions by the CAN demonstrates understanding of standard precautions?
- A. Wears gloves during all client contact
- B. Cleans blood spills with soap and water
- C. Pours bulk blood and other secretions down a drain connected to a sanitary sewer
- D. Carries blood sample to the lab in an open basket
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action that demonstrates understanding of standard precautions is wearing gloves during all client contact. Standard precautions are designed to prevent the transmission of infectious agents from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection. Wearing gloves during client contact helps protect both the patient and the healthcare worker from potential infection transmission through contact with bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, and non-intact skin. Cleaning blood spills with soap and water is also part of standard precautions to prevent the spread of infection. However, pouring bulk blood and other secretions down a drain connected to a sanitary sewer and carrying a blood sample to the lab in an open basket do not align with standard precautions and could pose infection control risks.
A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
the best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attack:
- A. prednisone
- B. aspirin
- C. penicillin
- D. paracetamol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attacks is penicillin. Penicillin is recommended for long-term secondary prophylaxis to prevent the recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and reduce the risk of rheumatic heart disease. It helps to eradicate streptococcal infections, which are the underlying cause of rheumatic fever. Prednisone, aspirin, and paracetamol are not used for primary or secondary prevention of rheumatic fever.
Which of the ff would describe the discomfort experienced by a client with a tension headache?
- A. A heavy feeling over the frontal region and sensitivity to light
- B. Pressure or steady constriction on both sides of the head
- C. Headache and temporary unilateral paralysis
- D. Vague headache, especially peri orbital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tension headaches are commonly described as a sensation of pressure, tightness, or steady constriction around the head. This discomfort is usually felt on both sides of the head, rather than being localized to one specific area. Unlike migraines which may have a pulsating or throbbing quality, tension headaches are characterized by a continuous dull ache. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and vague headaches are more commonly associated with migraines, not tension headaches. Temporary unilateral paralysis and peri orbital pain are not typical symptoms of tension headaches.
A nurse is preparing to administer an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which drug should the nurse administer?
- A. Captopril (Capoten)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril, work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This leads to vasodilation, reduced aldosterone secretion, and ultimately decreases blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are commonly used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction. In this case, the nurse should administer captopril as it is an ACE inhibitor, while the other options (B. Furosemide, C. Spironolactone, D. Chlorothiazide) are not ACE inhibitors and have different mechanisms of action.