Nokea
The aminoacid used in the treatment of hyperammonemia due to certain urea cycle disorders is
- A. Leucine
- B. Valine
- C. Arginine
- D. Isoleucine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arginine is used in the treatment of hyperammonemia due to urea cycle disorders, as it helps in the detoxification of ammonia.
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In D-transposition of the great vessels, accounts for =5% of all congenital heart disease. In this anomaly, the following are true EXCEPT
- A. the pulmonary artery is anterior and to the left of the aorta
- B. pulmonary veins return to the left atrium
- C. connections between the atria and ventricles are normal
- D. aorta is posterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pulmonary artery is anterior and to the left of the aorta in normal anatomy.
Most common autoimmune antibody - mediated encephalopathy is
- A. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome
- B. Anti-voltage gated potassium channel antibody syndrome
- C. Anti-AMPAR antibody syndrome
- D. Anti-Glycine receptor antibody syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome is the most common autoimmune antibody-mediated encephalopathy.
What are FOUR absolute contraindications for cardiac transplantation?
- A. Active infection
- B. Ongoing malignancy
- C. Medical non-compliance
- D. Drug abuse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are absolute contraindications for cardiac transplantation due to the risks of infection, poor outcomes, and non-compliance.
Right to left shunts include:
- A. Fallot's tetralogy
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Eisenmenger complex
- D. Ductus arteriosus in the fetus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fallot's tetralogy is a congenital heart defect that includes a right-to-left shunt, allowing deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs.
Respiratory pathogens in the immunosuppressed include:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Legionella
- C. Pneumocystis carinii
- D. Chlamydia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.