Nokea
The antidote for heparin is:
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Warfarin (Coumadin).
- C. Thrombin.
- D. Protamine sulfate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protamine sulfate rapidly reverses heparin's anticoagulant effects by binding to it, neutralizing its activity.
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A new mother was administered methylergonovine maleate intramuscularly after delivery. The nurse understands that this medication was administered for which action?
- A. Decrease uterine contractions.
- B. Prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
- C. Maintain a normal blood pressure.
- D. Reduce the amount of lochia drainage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylergonovine maleate, an oxytocic, is an agent used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. The first dose is usually administered intramuscularly, and then if it needs to be continued, it is given by mouth. It increases the strength and frequency of contractions and may elevate blood pressure. There is no relationship between the action of this medication and lochia drainage.
A client with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). The nurse should explain that this medication works by:
- A. Reducing blood pressure.
- B. Binding potassium in the gut.
- C. Increasing urine output.
- D. Decreasing blood glucose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate binds potassium in the gut, reducing serum potassium levels in chronic kidney disease.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor?
- A. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).
- B. Prothrombin time (PT).
- C. International normalized ratio (INR).
- D. D-dimer.
Correct Answer: A, D
Rationale: aPTT monitors heparin therapy, and D-dimer indicates clot presence in DVT.
After a lobectomy for lung cancer, the nurse instructs the client to perform deep-breathing exercises to:
- A. Decrease blood flow to the lungs for rest and increased surface alveoli ventilation.
- B. Elevate the diaphragm to enlarge the thorax so that the lung surface area available for gas exchange is increased.
- C. Control the rate of air flow to the remaining lobe to decrease the risk of hyperinflation.
- D. Expand the alveoli and increase lung surface available for ventilation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deep-breathing exercises expand alveoli, increasing lung surface area for ventilation post-lobectomy.
The nurse is teaching a client who is taking cyclosporine after renal transplant about medication information. The nurse should tell the client to be especially alert for which problem?
- A. Hair loss
- B. Weight loss
- C. Hypotension
- D. Signs of infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent transplant rejection. The client should be especially alert for signs and symptoms of infection while taking this medication and report them to the primary health care provider if experienced. The client is also taught about other side/adverse effects of the medication, including hypertension, increased facial hair, tremors, gingival hyperplasia, and gastrointestinal complaints. Some weight loss may occur, but this is not as significant as the onset of an infection.