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The Apgar assessment tells the nurses and clinicians on the labor and delivery unit what information about the newborn?
- A. The Apgar assessment and score tells the team how the newborn is doing neurologically and physically after the birth.
- B. The Apgar assessment and score predicts the newborn’s overall morbidity and mortality moving forward after birth.
- C. The Apgar assessment and score tells the team how the newborn is transitioning to the extrauterine world after birth.
- D. The Apgar assessment and score tells the team how the newborn handled the birth overall.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Apgar score evaluates the newborn's neurological and physical condition immediately after birth.
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A mother brings her 4-week-old newborn into the clinic for a well-child check. She reports to the nurse that the newborn developed small white marks on her nose. What are these small white marks commonly called?
- A. Milia
- B. Mongolian spots
- C. Erythema toxicum
- D. Port-wine stain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Milia. Milia are tiny, white, pearly bumps that commonly appear on a newborn's face, including the nose, due to blocked oil glands. They are harmless and typically disappear on their own.
Explanation:
1. Milia are common in newborns, appearing as small white bumps on the nose and face.
2. They result from blocked oil glands and are not harmful.
3. Mongolian spots are bluish-gray birthmarks usually on the lower back or buttocks.
4. Erythema toxicum presents as red blotches on the skin shortly after birth.
5. Port-wine stain is a vascular birthmark that appears as a pink or red mark on the skin.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed as having a fetal death. The nurse is aware of the possible causes of intrapartum fetal death. How can the nurse explain the potential causes of IPFD to the patient?
- A. We will always find the cause of fetal death with an autopsy.
- B. Infection is never a cause of fetal death.
- C. Umbilical cord entanglement can cause fetal death.
- D. Congenital anomalies cause growth restriction, not fetal death.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Umbilical cord entanglement is a recognized cause of intrapartum fetal death (IPFD). While congenital anomalies may lead to complications, they are not typically direct causes of IPFD. Infections can also contribute to fetal death, making option B incorrect. Autopsies help identify causes but do not guarantee definitive answers, so A is incorrect.
Postpartum depression and anxiety are prevalent among parents experiencing an IPFD. What is an example of a statement by the parent that would alert the nurse to signs of depression?
- A. I really miss feeling the baby move in my belly.
- B. My family is supportive, but my partner and I just need a few hours to ourselves.
- C. Before the baby died, I really enjoyed spending time with friends. Now nothing I do brings me joy, and I hate leaving the house.
- D. I feel very sad about not becoming a parent. I really need my support group right now.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Losing interest in previously enjoyable activities and avoiding social interactions are classic signs of depression. This statement highlights a significant change in behavior and mood, indicating potential postpartum depression.
What type of testing should be offered to a patient who has had a stillbirth?
- A. NIPTs
- B. ultrasound
- C. placental pathology
- D. blood crossmatch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placental pathology can identify potential causes of stillbirth.
A nurse is beginning a newborns physical assessment and notes that the infant is jumpy and seems irritable when being handled and when the nurse or parents speak. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ask the mother to attempt to breastfeed the infant.
- B. Conduct the assessment quickly then swaddle the baby.
- C. Increase the heat in the room so the baby wont get chilled.
- D. Postpone the assessment until the infant has calmed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An infant who seems irritable and overreacts to voices