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The best estimate of the association between wedding cake and illness is:
- A. 6.1
- B. 7.7
- C. 68.4
- D. 83.7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calculated odds ratio reflects the strength of association.
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Denominator of prenatal mortality is
- A. Number of live births
- B. Number of deliveries (live and still births)
- C. Live births— still births
- D. Number of still births
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prenatal mortality includes both live and still births, making the total number of deliveries the appropriate denominator.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of the use of vital statistics.
- A. Vital statistics provide data on births and deaths.
- B. Vital statistics are irrelevant to epidemiology.
- C. Vital statistics are used only for economic analysis.
- D. Vital statistics focus solely on infectious diseases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vital statistics help track population health trends and identify outbreaks or patterns.
Which of the following are considered measures of spread?
- A. Interquartile range
- B. Percentile
- C. Range
- D. Standard deviation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The interquartile range is a robust measure of variability.
Comparing numbers and rates of illness in a community, rates are preferred for:
- A. Conducting surveillance for communicable diseases
- B. Deciding how many doses of immune globulin are needed
- C. Estimating subgroups at highest risk
- D. Telling physicians which strain of influenza is most prevalent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rates allow comparisons across populations and help identify high-risk groups.
Acid rain due to
- A. SO2
- B. H2SO4
- C. HCL
- D. b. and c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acid rain forms primarily from sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides reacting with water vapor.