Nokea
The best indicator that the client has learned how to give an insulin self-injection correctly is when the client can:
- A. Perform the procedure safely and correctly.
- B. Critique the nurse's performance of the procedure.
- C. Explain all steps of the procedure correctly.
- D. Correctly answer a posttest about the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ability to perform the insulin injection safely and correctly demonstrates mastery of the skill, which is the best indicator of learning.
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Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that a high-fat diet increases the risk of several cancers. Which of the following cancers is linked to a high-fat diet?
- A. Ovarian.
- B. Lung.
- C. Colon.
- D. Liver.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fat diet is strongly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, as it can promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, contributing to carcinogenesis.
The nurse should instruct a client who has been diagnosed with vasospastic disorder (Raynaud's phenomenon) to:
- A. Immerse her hands in cold water during an episode
- B. Wear light garments when the temperature gets below 50°F (10°C)
- C. Wear gloves when handling ice or frozen foods
- D. Live in a cold climate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wearing gloves when handling ice or frozen foods prevents cold-induced vasospasm in Raynaud's. Cold water worsens symptoms, light garments are insufficient in cold temperatures, and living in a cold climate increases episode frequency.
The nurse is developing a plan to teach a client deep-breathing exercises to expand collapsed alveoli and prevent postoperative atelectasis and pneumonia. Which of the following steps should be included? Select all that apply.
- A. Splint or support the incision to promote maximal comfort.
- B. Inhale slowly through the nostrils; exhale through pursed lips.
- C. Hold the breath for about 5 seconds to expand the alveoli.
- D. Repeat this breathing method 5 to 10 times hourly.
- E. Close one nostril while inhaling.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Splinting the incision (A), slow nasal inhalation with pursed-lip exhalation (B), holding the breath (C), and repeating 5-10 times hourly (D) are correct steps for deep-breathing exercises to prevent atelectasis. Closing one nostril (E) is not part of this technique.
The nurse is preparing a client for a paracentesis. The nurse should:
- A. Have the client void immediately before the procedure.
- B. Place the client in a side-lying position.
- C. Initiate an I.V. line to administer sedatives.
- D. Place the client on nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status 6 hours before the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Voiding before paracentesis (A) prevents bladder injury. Side-lying (B) is incorrect; upright is preferred. IV sedatives (C) are not routine, and NPO (D) is unnecessary.
Which activity should a client with an ileal conduit avoid?
- A. Swimming.
- B. Walking.
- C. Heavy lifting.
- D. Reading.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heavy lifting can strain the stoma site, increasing hernia risk.