Nokea
The binomial system of nomenclature was originally developed by
- A. Pasteur
- B. Linnaeus
- C. Martini
- D. Jenner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Linnaeus. Linnaeus developed the binomial system of nomenclature in the 18th century. He introduced the use of a two-part naming system consisting of a genus name and a species name, known as binomial nomenclature. This system helps in organizing and categorizing living organisms systematically. Pasteur (choice A) is known for his contributions to microbiology, not nomenclature. Martini (choice C) and Jenner (choice D) are not associated with the development of the binomial system of nomenclature.
You may also like to solve these questions
Agglutination reaction is one of the following
- A. Ascoli ring test
- B. Western blot
- C. ELISA
- D. Reaction type Gruber
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ascoli ring test. Agglutination reaction in the Ascoli ring test is characterized by the formation of a visible ring at the interface of antigen and antibody. This reaction specifically tests for the presence of specific antibodies against antigens in serum, indicating a recent or current infection. The other options, Western blot, ELISA, and Reaction type Gruber, do not involve the agglutination reaction. Western blot and ELISA are immunoassay techniques that detect specific antibodies or antigens, while Reaction type Gruber is not a recognized method in immunology. Therefore, the Ascoli ring test is the correct choice for a test involving agglutination reaction.
All is true for bacterial spores EXCEPT:
- A. They can deform the cell or not
- B. They can be terminal, subterminal and central
- C. They are used for cell division
- D. They are formed for 6-8h
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Bacterial spores are NOT used for cell division. Bacterial spores are dormant, resistant forms of bacteria that are formed in response to harsh environmental conditions. They are not involved in cell division but rather serve as a survival mechanism for the bacteria.
A: They can deform the cell or not - This is true. Bacterial spores can deform the cell or not depending on the conditions.
B: They can be terminal, subterminal, and central - This is true. Bacterial spores can be located at different positions within the bacterial cell.
D: They are formed for 6-8h - This is incorrect. The formation of bacterial spores can take variable time periods depending on the species and environmental conditions.
Which of the following infections are typical for the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Psittacosis
- B. Mycoplasma bronchitis
- C. Chronic atrophic rhinitis
- D. Legionnaires disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic atrophic rhinitis. This infection is typical for the upper respiratory tract as it affects the nasal mucosa and sinuses. It is characterized by inflammation and atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Psittacosis (A) is a zoonotic infection transmitted from birds, affecting the lungs. Mycoplasma bronchitis (B) is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Legionnaires disease (D) is a severe form of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it specifically pertains to the upper respiratory tract.
A smear of a patient's sputum suspected for tuberculosis was prepared and stained. The smear showed red bacilli against a blue background. What staining method was used?
- A. Ziehl-Neelsen
- B. Gram
- C. Giemsa
- D. Neisser
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. This method is used to detect acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Acid-fast bacteria resist decolorization with acid-alcohol. 2. The red bacilli seen in the smear indicate acid-fast bacteria. 3. Ziehl-Neelsen stain uses carbol fuchsin to stain acid-fast bacteria red. 4. The blue background is likely the counterstain methylene blue. Incorrect choices: B: Gram stain is for categorizing bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative, not specific for acid-fast bacteria. C: Giemsa stain is used for blood films and detecting parasites, not acid-fast bacteria. D: Neisser stain is not a standard microbiological staining method.
Production of RNA and DNA is called
- A. RNA splicing
- B. Translation
- C. Transposition
- D. Transcription
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transcription. This is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into an RNA molecule. It is the initial step in gene expression.
A: RNA splicing is the process of removing introns from pre-mRNA to create a mature mRNA molecule.
B: Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins using the information from mRNA.
C: Transposition is the movement of genetic elements within a genome.
In summary, transcription specifically refers to the synthesis of RNA from DNA, making it the correct choice compared to the other options.