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The blood glucose level rises after meals. This glucose is stored in various organs under the influence of insulin. Question: During the postprandial period, most glucose is stored in which tissue?
- A. Intestinal tissue
- B. Liver tissue
- C. Muscle tissue
- D. Fat tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-meal glucose floods muscle insulin shoves it there, 60% of the haul, a chronic storehouse. Liver grabs next, fat lags, intestines pass nurses track this, a bulk uptake king.
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All of the following are potential factors leading to weight gain EXCEPT:
- A. Disrupted circadian rhythm
- B. Use of anti-histamines and sulphonylureas
- C. Changes in gut microbiota
- D. Controlled food portions that are of low energy density
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight gain factors include disrupted circadian rhythm (metabolic dysregulation), antihistamines/sulphonylureas (appetite increase, insulin secretion), and gut microbiota shifts (altered energy harvest). Controlled food portions of low energy density (e.g., vegetables) reduce calorie intake, aiding weight loss, not gain, per obesity research. This exception highlights dietary control's role in managing chronic conditions like diabetes or obesity, guiding physicians in patient counseling for sustainable weight regulation.
Spirometry is used to determine the severity of COPD and to monitor disease progression. This test measures
- A. The ratio of volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 1 second and forced vital capacity.
- B. The ratio of residual volume when patient has fully exhaled and forced vital capacity.
- C. The ratio of forced vital capacity and volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 6 seconds.
- D. The ratio of respiratory effort and respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the gold standard for COPD diagnosis and staging, measuring airflow obstruction. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVâ‚) to forced vital capacity (FVC) FEVâ‚/FVC quantifies limitation; a value <0.7 post-bronchodilator confirms COPD, with FEVâ‚ percentage grading severity (e.g., GOLD stages). Residual volume (RV) to FVC isn't standard in basic spirometry RV requires advanced testing (e.g., plethysmography) and reflects air trapping, not routine staging. FVC versus a 6-second exhale (FEV₆) approximates in some settings but isn't the clinical norm for COPD. Respiratory effort and rate aren't spirometric; they're observational. FEVâ‚/FVC's precision, per Deravin and Anderson (2019), tracks obstruction progression and guides therapy, making it foundational for assessing COPD's irreversible nature.
Rehabilitation is an ongoing process which is individual for each patient. Which of the following concepts are not part of the goals of the rehabilitation process for the patient?
- A. Adaptation
- B. Reconstruction of self-identity
- C. Ongoing dependency
- D. Developing a sense of a new normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rehab rebuilds adapt, re-ID, new normal aims up, not down. Dependency's the foe, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic comeback.
A patient has been assigned the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to painful oral ulcers. Which nursing action will be most effective in improving oral intake?
- A. Offer the patient frequent small snacks between meals.
- B. Assist the patient to choose favorite foods from the menu.
- C. Provide teaching about the importance of nutritional intake.
- D. Apply prescribed anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Painful oral ulcers from cancer or chemo kill appetite anesthetic gel (e.g., lidocaine) numbs them pre-meal, making eating bearable. Snacks and favorites tempt but don't dull pain. Teaching informs, not fixes. Nurses in oncology prioritize this pain relief drives intake, tackling the root of this nutrition nosedive.
During the teaching session for a patient who has a new diagnosis of acute leukemia, the patient is restless and looks away without making eye contact. The patient asks the nurse to repeat the information about the complications associated with chemotherapy. Based on this assessment, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the patient?
- A. Risk for ineffective adherence to treatment related to denial of need for chemotherapy
- B. Acute confusion related to infiltration of leukemia cells into the central nervous system
- C. Deficient knowledge: chemotherapy related to a lack of interest in learning about treatment
- D. Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to possible anxiety about leukemia diagnosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: New leukemia diagnosis plus restlessness and repeat requests scream anxiety risk for ineffective health maintenance' fits, as it ties to coping, not denial , brain infiltration , or disinterest . Nurses in oncology spot this fear fogs learning, needing slower, calmer teaching to stick.