Nokea
The blood protein involved in the immune system is:
- A. Thrombin
- B. Albumin
- C. Globulin
- D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Globulin is the blood protein involved in the immune system. There are different types of globulins, including immunoglobulins (antibodies) that play a crucial role in the body's defense against infections. These antibodies bind to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, helping the immune system to recognize and destroy them. Thrombin is a clotting protein, albumin is a protein responsible for maintaining osmotic balance in the blood, and hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
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Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction is promptly managed with ____.
- A. theophylline
- B. epinephrine
- C. costicosteroid
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are promptly managed with epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps counteract the severe symptoms by relaxing the muscles in the airways, constricting blood vessels, and decreasing swelling. It acts quickly to reverse the potentially life-threatening effects of the allergic reaction and is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively. Other medications like antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids may be used as adjuncts, but epinephrine remains the primary treatment for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
A postpartum client presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and tachycardia. Which nursing action should be prioritized?
- A. Elevating the head of the bed
- B. Providing supplemental oxygen therapy
- C. Administering analgesics for pain relief
- D. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and tachycardia in a postpartum client can be indicative of serious conditions such as pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction. These conditions are emergencies that require immediate medical attention. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately is the priority to ensure prompt evaluation and intervention to address the potential life-threatening situation. While other nursing interventions such as elevating the head of the bed, providing supplemental oxygen therapy, and administering analgesics may be necessary, they should be done after notifying the healthcare provider to ensure appropriate management of the underlying cause.
A patient presents with multiple, discrete, flesh-colored papules with central umbilication on the trunk and extremities. The lesions are asymptomatic and have been present for several months. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Molluscum contagiosum
- B. Basal cell carcinoma
- C. Sebaceous hyperplasia
- D. Dermatofibroma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the poxvirus. It typically presents as multiple, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with a central umbilication (dimple or depression in the center) on the skin. These lesions are often found on the trunk and extremities and can persist for several months. Molluscum contagiosum is commonly seen in children but can also occur in adults, especially those with weakened immune systems. The lesions are usually asymptomatic but can become inflamed or itchy in some cases. Treatment options include observation, topical therapies, cryotherapy, or curettage.
Whose responsibility is it to obtain informed consent?
- A. Nurse Manager
- B. Physician
- C. Anesthesiologist
- D. Midwife
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining informed consent is primarily the responsibility of the physician. Informed consent is a crucial ethical and legal concept in healthcare that requires the healthcare provider, usually the physician, to ensure that the patient understands the proposed treatment, including the risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential outcomes, before agreeing to proceed with the treatment. While other healthcare professionals, such as nurses, nurse managers, anesthesiologists, and midwives, may also play a role in the informed consent process by providing information and clarifying details, it is ultimately the physician who must obtain the patient's informed consent before any treatment or procedure is performed.
The first standard step in oxygen therapy that the nurse should do is________.
- A. assess client's condition
- B. gather all the equipment and supplies
- C. prepare the client for the oxygen treatment
- D. check the chart for ordered flow rate and oxygen delivery method
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first standard step in oxygen therapy that the nurse should do is to assess the client's condition. Before initiating any oxygen treatment, it is essential to assess the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation levels, vital signs, and overall condition. This initial assessment helps the nurse to determine the appropriate course of oxygen therapy based on the client's individual needs and current health status. Assessing the client's condition first ensures that the oxygen therapy provided is safe and effective for the specific needs of the client.