Nokea
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
- A. Immediately before swimming
- B. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
- C. Immediately before exposure to the sun
- D. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
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Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
- D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
Before administering a prescription medication, what information does the nurse find on the drug label? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Brand name
- B. Generic name
- C. Drug concentration
- D. Adverse effects
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescription drug labels will contain the brand name, generic name, drug concentration, and expiration date. Adverse effects will not be listed on drug labels.
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should contact the provider about a potential contraindication to a medication for which of the following clients?
- A. A client at 8 weeks of gestation who asks for an influenza immunization
- B. A client who takes Prednisolone and has a no fungal infection
- C. A client who has chronic liver disease and is taking hydrocortone
- D. A client who has Peptic Ulcer Disease, takes Sucralfate, and tells the nurse she has started taking OTC Aluminum Hydroxide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisolone worsens fungal infections, hydrocortisone is risky in liver disease, and warfarin with pregnancy increases bleeding risk.
Which of the following adverse effects of chronic high-dose prednisone administration represents a mineralocorticoid effect?
- A. Buffalo hump
- B. Easy bruising
- C. Edema
- D. Moon facies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edema is a mineralocorticoid effect of prednisone due to sodium and water retention.
A patient is brought to the emergency department after ingesting an overdose of lorazepam (Ativan) several hours prior. The patient has a respiratory rate of 6 to 10 breaths per minute and is unconscious. The nurse will prepare to perform which action?
- A. Administer activated charcoal
- B. Give flumazenil (Romazicon)
- C. Give naloxone (Narcan)
- D. Perform gastric lavage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine (lorazepam) overdose; naloxone is for opioids. Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose.