Nokea
The causative organisms for endocarditis in pediatric patients are
- A. enterococci
- B. group B streptococci
- C. viridans-type streptococci
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of endocarditis in pediatric patients.
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Closure of the ductus will worsen following conditions
- A. Transposition of great vessels
- B. Tricuspid Atresia
- C. Hypoplastic Left heart syndrome
- D. Tetrology of Fallots
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Closure of the ductus arteriosus worsens hypoplastic left heart syndrome by removing the only source of systemic circulation.
An infant is hospitalized for treatment of nonorganic failure to thrive. Which nursing action is most appropriate for this infant?
- A. Encouraging the infant to hold a bottle
- B. Keeping the infant on bed rest to conserve energy
- C. Rotating caregivers to provide more stimulation
- D. Maintaining a consistent, structured environment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A consistent, structured environment helps build trust and security, which is essential for an infant with nonorganic failure to thrive.
Regarding reflex anoxic seizures in children:
- A. ECG-rhythm strip is a must
- B. Asystole may be associated
- C. There is increased risk of epilepsy in adults
- D. Carbamazepine is the drug of choice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reflex anoxic seizures in children are often triggered by a sudden noxious stimulus leading to transient asystole (cessation of heart activity). An ECG-rhythm strip is not always necessary there is no increased risk of epilepsy in adults and carbamazepine is not the drug of choice. Trauma can be a precipitating factor but the most relevant option is asystole.
Systolic murmur in which among the following conditions does not increase in intensity in the cardiac cycle after a premature ventricular contraction?
- A. Valvular aortic stenosis
- B. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- C. Valvular pulmonic stenosis
- D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse does not typically increase in intensity after a premature ventricular contraction.
Prior to the patient being given medication, he becomes hypotensive, mottled, and cold. His heart rate is 240. The next therapeutic step should be
- A. digoxin
- B. synchronized DC cardioversion
- C. lidocaine
- D. defibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synchronized DC cardioversion is indicated for unstable tachycardia unresponsive to pharmacological agents.