The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections is/are the following: a.Weakened immune system impairs response to therapy
- A. AH of these (a, b, c)
- B. Weakened immune system impairs resistance to infection
- C. Infection cannot be treated effectively
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections can be attributed to a combination of factors.
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A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?
- A. Loose, wrinkled skin
- B. Edematous skin
- C. Depigmentation of the skin
- D. Dermatoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a significant deficiency in calories and protein intake. Symptoms of marasmus include severe wasting of muscle and fat stores, giving the appearance of loose, wrinkled skin due to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Other symptoms may include lethargy, irritability, delayed growth and development, and weakened immune function. Edematous skin is more commonly associated with kwashiorkor, another form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake. Depigmentation of the skin and dermatoses are not typical symptoms of marasmus.
A nurse is counseling parents of a child beginning to show signs of being overweight. The nurse accurately relates which body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile indicates a risk for being overweight?
- A. 10th percentile
- B. 9th percentile
- C. 85th percentile
- D. 95th percentile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile indicating a risk for being overweight is the 95th percentile. This means that if a child's BMI falls at or above the 95th percentile for their age group, they are classified as overweight. This percentile is used as a cutoff point to identify children at risk of being overweight and to guide intervention strategies such as lifestyle changes, increased physical activity, and dietary modifications. Parents should work with healthcare providers to address their child's weight status and implement appropriate measures to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Which common side effect of metolazone (Zaroxolyn) should the nurse instruct a patient to report to the health- care provider?
- A. Numb hands
- B. Gastrointestinal distress
- C. Muscle weakness
- D. Nightmares
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metolazone, a diuretic medication commonly known as Zaroxolyn, can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, particularly low potassium levels which can lead to muscle weakness. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the patient to report any signs or symptoms of muscle weakness to the healthcare provider promptly. Numb hands, gastrointestinal distress, and nightmares are not common side effects of metolazone that typically require urgent medical attention.
Nurse Karen is providing postoperative care for Dustin who has cleft palate (CP); she should position the child in which of the following?
- A. In an infant seat
- B. In the supine position
- C. In the prone position
- D. On his side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When providing postoperative care for a child with cleft palate (CP), nurse Karen should position the child in the supine position. This position allows for proper airway management and helps prevent aspiration. Placing the child in the supine position also aids in monitoring respiratory status and reducing the risk of complications post-surgery. It is important to maintain proper positioning to ensure the child's safety and comfort during the recovery period.
The nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother is diabetic. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see?
- A. Hypoglycemic, large for gestational age
- B. Hyperglycemic, large for gestational age
- C. Hypoglycemic, small for gestational age
- D. Hyperglycemic, small for gestational age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants born to mothers with diabetes, especially uncontrolled diabetes, are at risk for hypoglycemia due to exposure to high glucose levels in utero. The infant's pancreas may have been producing high levels of insulin in response to the mother's high blood glucose levels, leading to hypoglycemia after birth. Additionally, these infants are typically smaller for gestational age (SGA) due to the effects of high blood sugar levels on fetal growth. Therefore, the nurse should expect the newborn of a mother with diabetes to exhibit signs of hypoglycemia and be small for gestational age.