Nokea
The causes of elevated maternal serum AFP are:
- A. Trisomy 21
- B. Exomphalos
- C. Marfan syndrome
- D. Meningomyelocele
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with neural tube defects such as meningomyelocele, due to leakage of AFP into the amniotic fluid.
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Which finding would alert a nurse that a hospitalized 6-year-old child is at risk for a severe asthma exacerbation?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 95%
- B. Mild work of breathing
- C. Absence of intercostals or substernal retractions
- D. History of steroid-dependent asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of steroid-dependent asthma indicates severe asthma, increasing the risk of a life-threatening exacerbation.
When planning care for a client newly diagnosed with open angle glaucoma, the nurse identifies a priority nursing diagnosis of, 'visual sensory/perceptual alterations.' This diagnosis is based on which etiology?
- A. Limited eye movement
- B. Decreased peripheral vision
- C. Blurred distance vision
- D. Photosensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Open angle glaucoma primarily affects peripheral vision, leading to visual sensory/perceptual alterations.
To reduce the risk for pulmonary complications for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), what interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Initiate passive range of motion exercises
- B. Establish a regular bladder routine
- C. Teach the client breathing exercises
- D. Perform chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and use of an incentive spirometer can help reduce the risk of pulmonary complications in ALS by improving lung function.
Recognised features in Marfan's syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Mitral valve prolapse
- C. Cognitive impairment
- D. Myopia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse
Pentalogy of Cantrell consists
- A. ectopia cordis
- B. supraumbilical defect
- C. anterior diaphragm defect
- D. intracardiac defect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pentalogy of Cantrell involves multiple midline defects including ectopia cordis.