HESI A2 Practice Test Biology

HESI A2 Practice Test Biology Related

Review HESI A2 Practice Test Biology related questions and content

The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. What does this bilayer create?

  • A. Impermeable
  • B. Permeable
  • C. Selectively permeable
  • D. Selectively impermeable
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Selectively permeable.' The cell membrane's bilayer structure allows it to be selectively permeable, meaning it can control the passage of substances. This property enables the membrane to regulate the entry and exit of specific molecules, ions, and other substances. Choice A, 'Impermeable,' is incorrect as the cell membrane is not completely impermeable and does allow certain substances to pass through. Choice B, 'Permeable,' is also incorrect as it does not address the selective nature of the membrane. Choice D, 'Selectively impermeable,' is a contradictory term and does not accurately describe the cell membrane's function.

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How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?

  • A. Water increases temperature.
  • B. Water keeps temperature stable.
  • C. Water decreases temperature.
  • D. Water does not affect temperature.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property helps water regulate the temperature of living things by maintaining a stable environment. Choice A is incorrect because water does not consistently increase temperature, but rather helps in temperature regulation. Choice C is incorrect as water doesn't typically decrease temperature in living organisms. Choice D is incorrect since water does play a crucial role in regulating temperature.

What are the two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production?

  • A. Fermentation and internal respiration
  • B. Fermentation and external respiration
  • C. Fermentation and cellular respiration
  • D. Fermentation and anaerobic respiration
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fermentation and cellular respiration.' Fermentation is an anaerobic catabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing limited amounts of ATP. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, is the aerobic catabolic pathway that occurs in the presence of oxygen and is the most efficient way of producing ATP. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because internal respiration, external respiration, and anaerobic respiration are not the correct pathways leading to cellular energy production.

How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA?

  • A. one
  • B. two
  • C. four
  • D. eight
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: four.' DNA is composed of four different types of nucleotides: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These nucleotides pair up in specific combinations to form the genetic code. Choices 'A: one,' 'B: two,' and 'D: eight' are incorrect because DNA consists of a set of four distinct nucleotides, not one, two, or eight.

Which of the following is a protein?

  • A. cellulose
  • B. hemoglobin
  • C. estrogen
  • D. ATP
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'hemoglobin' because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Estrogen is a hormone, not a protein. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells, not a protein.

Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?

  • A. water
  • B. membrane
  • C. ATP
  • D. gradient
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'gradient.' In cell diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the concentration gradient. This process does not require water, membrane, or ATP specifically. Water can aid in the movement of substances, but it is not necessary for diffusion itself. The membrane is involved in regulating diffusion but is not a requirement for the process. ATP is not directly involved in simple diffusion processes; instead, it is more related to active transport mechanisms. Therefore, the concentration gradient is essential for cell diffusion to occur.

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