Nokea
The charge nurse in a long-term care facility discusses ageism with new nurse employees. Nurses are asked to intervene if they observe which of these examples demonstrating ageism?
- A. The AP encourages older adults to apply makeup or aftershave to promote positive self-image.
- B. The activity director explains to an older adult they could learn to use video conferencing to speak to their grandchildren.
- C. A nurse colleague states that older adult should not think about having a boyfriend or girlfriend after age 70 years.
- D. A nurse recognizes the patient who lost their partner of 45 years may be experiencing loneliness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ageism involves stereotyping older adults based on characteristics not universal to their age group. Stating that older adults should not pursue romantic relationships after age 70 is an example of ageism, as it dismisses their capacity for relationships. The other options promote positive self-image, resilience, or acknowledge emotional needs.
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A patient is admitted to the acute care medical center with change in mental status, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Which of these reflects a reversible cause of the changes in mental status?
- A. Alzheimer's disease
- B. Delirium
- C. Dementia
- D. Delirium superimposed on dementia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delirium is a reversible cause of changes in mental status, often triggered by factors like dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, which can be treated. Alzheimer's disease and dementia are progressive and irreversible, while delirium superimposed on dementia includes a reversible component (delirium) but is complicated by underlying irreversible dementia.
A nurse caring for an older adult living in a long-term care facility uses reminiscence to help the patient adapt to the changes of aging. The nurse uses which question to encourage reminiscence?
- A. Tell me about how you celebrated Christmas when you were young.
- B. Tell me how you plan to spend your time this weekend.
- C. Did you enjoy the choral group that performed here yesterday?
- D. Why don't you want to talk about your feelings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Use of life review or reminiscence encourages reflection on past experiences, helping older adults adapt to life circumstances. Asking about past celebrations, like Christmas, promotes reminiscence, while questions about recent events, future plans, or feelings are less likely to encourage this process.
A nurse is helping to prepare a calendar for an older adult patient with cognitive impairment. Which type of cognitive impairment is non-reversible?
- A. Post-stroke speech issues
- B. Malnutrition
- C. Alzheimer's disease
- D. Loss of cardiac reserve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease causes progressive, irreversible cognitive impairment and is the most common degenerative neurologic illness. Post-stroke speech issues, malnutrition, and loss of cardiac reserve can often be managed or improved with therapeutic interventions.
A nursing instructor teaching a gerontology class to nursing students discusses myths related to the aging of adults. Which statement will the students identify as a myth about older adults?
- A. Most older adults live in their own homes.
- B. Healthy older adults enjoy sexual activity.
- C. Aging results in mental deterioration.
- D. Older adults want to be attractive to others.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myth that aging results in mental deterioration is incorrect, as intelligence does not normally decrease with aging, though response time may be slower. Most older adults do live in their own homes, healthy older adults enjoy sexual activity, and older adults often want to be attractive to others.
The nurse in a long-term care facility states in report that an older adult resident is quite frail. The oncoming caregiver prioritizes prevention of what problem?
- A. Confusion
- B. Falls
- C. Delirium
- D. Dementia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frailty in older adults increases the risk of falls due to reduced strength, balance, and mobility. Preventing falls is a priority to avoid injuries such as fractures. Confusion, delirium, and dementia are important but are not as directly linked to frailty as falls.